Pebbles and sand on asteroid (162173) Ryugu: In situ observation and particles returned to Earth

Tachibana, Shogo; Sawada, Hirotaka; Okazaki, Ryuji; Takano, Yoshinori; Sakamoto, Kanako; Miura, Yayoi N.; Okamoto, Chisato; Yano, Hajime; Yamanouchi, Shinji; Michel, Patrick; Zhang, Y; Schwartz, S. R.; Thuillet, Florian; Yurimoto, Hisayoshi; Nakamura, Tomoki; Noguchi, Takaaki; Yabuta, Hikaru; Naraoka, Hiroshi; Tsuchiyama, A.; Imae, Naoya; Kurosawa, Kosuke; Nakamura, Akiko; Ogawa, Kazunori; Sugita, Seiji; Morota, Tomokatsu; Honda, Rie; Kameda, Shingo; Tatsumi, Eri; Cho, Y; Yoshioka, Kazuo; Yokota, Yasuhiro; Hayakawa, Masahiko; Matsuoka, Moe; Sakatani, Naoya; Yamada, Manabu; Kouyama, Toru; Suzuki, Hidehiko; Honda, Chikatoshi; Yoshimitsu, Tetsuo; Kubota, Takashi; Demura, H.; Yada, Toru; Nishimura, Masahiro; Yogata, Kasumi; Nakato, Aiko; Yoshitake, Miwa; Suzuki, Ayako; Furuya, Shizuho; Hatakeda, Kentaro; Miyazaki, Akiko; Kumagai, Kazuya; Okada, Tatsuaki; Abe, Masanao; Usui, Tomohiro; Ireland, Trevor; Fujimoto, M.; Yamada, Tetsuya; Arakawa, Masahiko; Connolly, H. C.; Fujii, Atsushi; Hasegawa, Susumu; Hirata, Naru; Hirose, Chikako; Hosoda, Saichi; Iijima, Y.; Ikeda, Hitoshi; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ishihara, Yoshiaki; Iwata, T.; Kikuchi, Shota; Kitazato, K.; Лауретта, Д. С.; Libourel, G.; Marty, Bernard; Matsumoto, Koji; Michikami, Tatsuhiro; Mimasu, Yuya; Miura, Akira; Mori, Osamu; Nakamura‐Messenger, K.; Namiki, Noriyuki; Nguyen, A. N.; Nittler, L. R.; Noda, Hirotomo; Noguchi, Rina; Ogawa, Naoko; Ono, Go; Ozaki, Masanobu; Senshu, Hiroki; Shimada, Takanobu; Shimaki, Y.; Shirai, Kei; Soldini, Stefania; Takahashi, T.; Takei, Yuto; Takeuchi, Hiroshi; Tsukizaki, Ryudo; Wada, Koji; Yamamoto, Yukio; Yoshikawa, Kunihiko; Yumoto, Koki; Zolensky, M. E.; Nakazawa, Shozo; Terui, Fuyuto; Tanaka, Satoshi; Saiki, Takanao; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Watanabe, Sei‐ichiro; Tsuda, Yuichi

doi:10.1126/science.abj8624

“…During 2019, the Hayabusa2 spacecraft made two landings on Ryugu to collect materials ( 9 ), then delivered the collected samples to Earth on 2020 December 6. The returned samples are rock fragments ranging in size up to ~10 mm, with a total mass of 5.4 g. Their colors, shapes, and morphologies are consistent with those observed on the surface by Hayabusa2, indicating that the returned samples are representative of Ryugu’s surface ( 10 , 11 ). The samples were recovered in a non-destructive manner and examined under contamination-controlled conditions at the JAXA Extraterrestrial Sample Curation Center, before delivery to initial analysis teams in June 2021 ( 10 ).…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites

Yokoyama

¹

,

Nagashima

²

,

Nakai

³

et al. 2023

Science

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Carbonaceous meteorites are thought to be fragments of C-type (carbonaceous) asteroids. Samples of the C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measure the mineralogy, bulk chemical and isotopic compositions of Ryugu samples. They are mainly composed of materials similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, particularly the CI (Ivuna-type) group. The samples consist predominantly of minerals formed in aqueous fluid on a parent planetesimal. The primary minerals were altered by fluids at a temperature of 37 ± 10°C, 5.2 − 0.8 + 0.7 (Stat.) − 2.1 + 1.6 (Syst.) million years after formation of the first solids in the Solar System. After aqueous alteration, the Ryugu samples were likely never heated above ~100°C. The samples have a chemical composition that more closely resembles the Sun’s photosphere than other natural samples do.

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“…The Hayabusa2 spacecraft recently collected and returned ∼5.4 g of material from the near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu (Watanabe et al 2017;Morata et al 2020;Tachibana et al 2022). Ryugu is a C-type (carbonaceous) asteroid with a mineralogical, bulk chemical, and isotopic composition that closely resembles CI chondrites (Ito et al 2022;Nakamura et al 2022;Yada et al 2022;Yokoyama et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presolar Stardust in Asteroid Ryugu

Barosch

¹

,

Nittler

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2022

ApJL

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We have conducted a NanoSIMS-based search for presolar material in samples recently returned from C-type asteroid Ryugu as part of JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission. We report the detection of all major presolar grain types with O- and C-anomalous isotopic compositions typically identified in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites: 1 silicate, 1 oxide, 1 O-anomalous supernova grain of ambiguous phase, 38 SiC, and 16 carbonaceous grains. At least two of the carbonaceous grains are presolar graphites, whereas several grains with moderate C isotopic anomalies are probably organics. The presolar silicate was located in a clast with a less altered lithology than the typical extensively aqueously altered Ryugu matrix. The matrix-normalized presolar grain abundances in Ryugu are 4.8 − 2.6 + 4.7 ppm for O-anomalous grains, 25 − 5 + 6 ppm for SiC grains, and 11 − 3 + 5 ppm for carbonaceous grains. Ryugu is isotopically and petrologically similar to carbonaceous Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites. To compare the in situ presolar grain abundances of Ryugu with CI chondrites, we also mapped Ivuna and Orgueil samples and found a total of 15 SiC grains and 6 carbonaceous grains. No O-anomalous grains were detected. The matrix-normalized presolar grain abundances in the CI chondrites are similar to those in Ryugu: 23 − 6 + 7 ppm SiC and 9.0 − 3.6 + 5.4 ppm carbonaceous grains. Thus, our results provide further evidence in support of the Ryugu–CI connection. They also reveal intriguing hints of small-scale heterogeneities in the Ryugu samples, such as locally distinct degrees of alteration that allowed the preservation of delicate presolar material.

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“…Compound-speci c identi cation of organic compounds in Ryugu samples. Samples A0106 and C0107 were collected from the surface of Ryugu at the rst sampling and near-surface at the second sampling, respectively (Tachibana et al, 2022). Thus, these samples constitute the rst examples of asteroidal carbonaceous materials available to scientists which have not been in uncontrolled contact with the terrestrial biosphere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To circumvent the issue of potential terrestrial contamination in extraterrestrial materials, on December 6, 2020, the asteroid sample-return mission Hayabusa2, managed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), returned to the Earth surface samples from two locations of the near-Earth Cb-Type asteroid (162173) Ryugu (Tachibana et al, 2022). The Hayabusa2 re-entry recovery capsule containing the asteroidal material was returned to the Woomera Desert in Southern Australia and taken for Phase 1 curation at JAXA's Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic-Soluble Compounds in Asteroid Ryugu Samples A0106 and C0107 and the Orgueil (CI1) Meteorite

Aponte

¹

,

Dworkin

²

,

Glavin

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Evaluating the molecular distribution of organic compounds in pristine extraterrestrial materials is cornerstone to understanding the abiotic synthesis of organics and allows us to better understand the molecular diversity available during the formation of our solar system and before the origins of life on Earth. In this work we identify multiple organic compounds in solvent extracts of asteroid Ryugu samples A0106 and C0107 and the Orgueil meteorite using two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry (GC×GC-HRMS). Our analyses found similarities between the molecular distribution of organic compounds in Ryugu and the CI carbonaceous chondrite Orgueil. Specifically, several PAHs and organosulfides were found in Ryugu and Orgueil suggesting an interstellar and parent body origin for these compounds. We also evaluated the common relationship between Ryugu, Orgueil, and comets like Wild-2; however, until comprehensive compound-specific isotopic analyses for these organic species are undertaken, and until the effects of parent body processes and Earth’s weathering processes on meteoritic organics are better understood, their parent-daughter relationships will remain unanswered. Finally, the study of organic compounds in Ryugu samples and the curation practices for the future preservation of these unvaluable materials are also of special interest for future sample return missions, including NASA’s OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission.

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Pebbles and sand on asteroid (162173) Ryugu: In situ observation and particles returned to Earth

Cited by 107 publications

References 41 publications

Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites

Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites

Presolar Stardust in Asteroid Ryugu

Organic-Soluble Compounds in Asteroid Ryugu Samples A0106 and C0107 and the Orgueil (CI1) Meteorite

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