Pectic Oligogalacturonide Facilitates the Synthesis and Activation of Adiponectin to Improve Hepatic Lipid Oxidation

Abstract

Scope: Adiponectin (ADPN), a kind of adipokines, plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. The objective of this study is focused on the ADPN to investigate the functional mechanisms of pectin oligosaccharide (POS) from hawthorn fruit in the improvement of hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Method and Results: High-fat fed mice are used in this experiment. POS is administrated with the doses of 0.25, 0.75, and 1.5 g kg −1 diet, respectively. The results demonstrate that gene and protein expressions of ADPN synthesis regulators involved in PKA/ERK/CREB and C/EBP𝜶/PPAR𝜸 pathways are upregulated by POS administration. POS also activates the AdiopR1/AMPK𝜶/PGC1 and AdipoR2/PPAR𝜶 signaling pathways to improve the fatty acid oxidation in the liver, which is further accelerated by the enhancement of mitochondrial functions. Conclusion: POS can act as an ADPN activator to improve lipid metabolism, leading it to the applications of biomedical and functional foods for ameliorating chronic liver diseases resulted from a high-energy diet.

Pectin supplement alleviates gut injury potentially through improving gut microbiota community in piglets

“…The pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α can increase intestinal epithelial permeability, induce the pathological opening of the intestinal tight junction barrier, and mediate the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and IL-22 can maintain homeostasis in the intestine (Xia et al, 2021;Yu et al, 2021). Research showed that mice fed dietary fiber could reduce the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, while increasing the concentrations of IL-10 in sera (Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Recent advances in the production of oligogalacturonides and their biological properties

“…During the last few years, several raw materials (mainly fruits, agroindustrial byproducts and pectins derived from them) have been used for production of OGalA, including haw, 12,19–22,31 apple pectin, 7,9,10 artichoke, 13 mango peel wastes, 24 lemon peels, 27 mandarin peels, 11,32 finger citron pomace, 15 pomelo peels, 29 sugar beet pulp, 33,34 citrus pectin, 8,23,25 sunflower plate pectin 35,36 and Lonicera japonica Thunb. 14 With the same purpose, commercial polygalacturonic acid (PGalA) was also tested.…”

“…Moreover, the morphological changes observed in hepatic tissue were partially counteracted by the intake of oligogalacturonides at higher doses (0.75–1.5 g kg −1 ). 19…”

Pectin in Metabolic Liver Disease

“…Pectin was able to decrease bodyweight gain, with a minimum dose of 8%, as previously described [ 71 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. This decrease in bodyweight was associated with a decrease in fat mass and an increase in the level of transcription factors involved in the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP )/PPAR pathways in WAT [ 101 ]. Browning of WAT was also described, without a clear functional study, concerning adipocyte lipolysis [ 98 , 102 ].…”

“…However, an improvement in transaminase levels was observed in only two studies [ 97 , 98 ], in contrast to an improvement in steatosis, which was associated with a decrease in hepatic TG [ 94 , 95 , 96 , 98 , 102 , 103 ] and/or cholesterol levels [ 94 , 96 , 98 ]. This was associated with an improvement in hepatic lipid metabolism, including a decrease in the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis [ 98 , 101 , 103 ] and the AMPK signaling pathway [ 101 ]. In addition, pectin has been shown to change hepatic lipid content by reducing saturated fatty acid (SFA) and mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUPA) levels and increasing poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels [ 98 , 103 ].…”