Ionotronic hydrogels have attracted significant attention
in emerging
fields such as wearable devices, flexible electronics, and energy
devices. To date, the design of multifunctional ionotronic hydrogels
with strong interfacial adhesion, rapid self-healing, three-dimensional
(3D) printing processability, and high conductivity are key requirements
for future wearable devices. Herein, we report the rational design
and facile synthesis of 3D printable, self-adhesive, self-healing,
and conductive ionotronic hydrogels based on the synergistic dual
reversible interactions of poly(vinyl alcohol), borax, pectin, and
tannic acid. Multifunctional ionotronic hydrogels exhibit strong adhesion
to various substrates with different roughness and chemical components,
including porcine skin, glass, nitrile gloves, and plastics (normal
adhesion strength of 55 kPa on the skin). In addition, the ionotronic
hydrogels exhibit intrinsic ionic conductivity imparting strain-sensing
properties with a gauge factor of 2.5 up to a wide detection range
of approximately 2000%, as well as improved self-healing behavior.
Based on these multifunctional properties, we further demonstrate
the use of ionotronic hydrogels in the 3D printing process for implementing
complex patterns as wearable strain sensors for human motion detection.
This study is expected to provide a new avenue for the design of multifunctional
ionotronic hydrogels, enabling their potential applications in wearable
healthcare devices.