A fluorinated covalent organic framework
(COF), named F-COF, was
fabricated via simple room-temperature synthesis. With the characteristics
of rich fluorine atoms, hydrophobicity, and large conjugated structure,
F-COF was evaluated for the extraction of five benzoylurea insecticides
(BUs) containing fluorine atoms, benzene ring, and urea bridge. Specifically,
F-COF-coated stir bars were prepared by physical adhesion and exhibited
higher extraction recovery (73–93 versus 40–85%) toward
BUs than commercial stir bars in a shorter extraction time (50 min
versus 24 h). The adsorption behavior of BUs on F-COF was explored,
and it was assumed that the halogen bond (O–F), hydrophobic
interaction, electrostatic interaction, and π–π
stacking contributed to the adsorption. On the basis of it, a method
combining stir bar sorptive extraction with liquid chromatography–ultraviolet
detector was developed for trace analysis of five BUs. Under the optimal
conditions, the limits of detection for BUs were found to be 0.301–0.672
μg/L, with the linear range of 1.0/2.0–500 μg/L
and relative standard deviations of <8.0% (c =
5 μg/L and n = 7). The accuracy of the proposed
method was validated by the recovery test, and the recoveries of target
BUs in spiked pear juice and pear beverage were 82.0–113 and
84.0–112%, respectively.