Peculiarities of the mechanisms of spontaneous, and induced by ionizing radiation and chemical factors mutagenesis

Morgun, V.V.; Yakymchuk, R. А.; Azizov, I. V.

doi:10.15407/frg2019.06.463

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Long-lasting action of high doses of radiation is believed to induce a number of nonvital mutants that were not taken into account in the overall frequency of mutations (Mousseau & Møller, 2020). Non-linear pattern of induction of mutations in the organisms that are subject to chronic exposure in the territories with different levels of specific activity of radionuclides was found in many tested plants: narrowleaf hawksbeard Crepis tectorum, Scots pine Pinus sylvestris, pea Pisum sativum, winter rye, winter wheat, barley (Zaichkina et al, 2004;Geras'kin et al, 2008;Boratyński et al, 2016;Olsen & Dineva, 2017;Morgun et al, 2019;Hase et al, 2020;Shuryak & Brenner, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of useful mutations in Triticum aestivum in the conditions of the radionuclide-contaminated alienation zone of the Chornobyl Power Plant

Yakymchuk

Valyuk

Sobolenko

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Induced mutagenesis opens great perspectives for radical genetic improvement of cultivated plants. Scientists seeking new sources and methodological approaches to improve the frequency and extend the range of mutations have drawn attention to the Zone of Alienation around the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, where unique conditions of the influence of mutagenic factors have developed, and therefore needs to be studied for possible use of its territory in propagating parent material for selective breeding of wheat. Plants of winter wheat of Albatros Odesky and Zymoiarka varieties were grown within 10 km of the Chernobyl Plant, inside the Alienation Zone, in Chystohalivka, Kopachi and Yaniv villages of Chornobyl district of Kyiv Oblast. The exposure occurred in the dose of 7.2 ∙ 10–12– 50.0 ∙ 10–12 A/kg. As the control, we used the territory of the Research Institute of Physiology of Plants and Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Hlevaha urbanized settlement of Vasylkivsky District of Kyiv Oblast), where the power of the exposure dose equaled 0.93 ∙ 10–12 A/kg. Frequency and spectrum of mutant forms were determined in M2–M3 generations according to the ratio of the number of families with mutagenic plants to studied M2 families. Among the observed mutations, we determined the share of the ones important for selective breeding. Chronic ionizing radiation throughout the vegetation period of winter wheat increased the level of noticeable mutations, the frequency of which exceeded the control parameters by 8.0–14.9 times. In the conditions of cultivation of winter wheat in the territory of Kopachi village, where the dose was the lowest, we recorded a high level of mutation variability which exceeded the control parameters by 8.0–9.2 times and was notably different from the frequency of mutations induced by radionuclide contamination of soil in the territories of Chystohalivka and Yaniv villages. The mutation range contained 12–20 types and depended on the density of soil contamination with radio nuclides, magnitude of exposure dose and genotype of plants. The predominant mutations were the ones related to the duration of vegetation period, length of the stem, morphology and awns of the ear. Among the detected mutations, the important selective ones accounted for 24.3–49.3%, predominant being low height, intense growth and long cylindrical ear. Because beneficial agronomic traits are highly likely to be inherited in complex with mutations that reduce the productivity of winter wheat, efficiency of direct selection of mutant forms that are valuable for selective breeding is limited. Enlargement of genetic diversity of the initial selection material using the radionuclide-induced mutagenesis resulting from contamination creates the possibility of using it in cross breeding for the purpose of implementing selective breeding genetic programs of improving wheat varieties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of useful mutations in Triticum aestivum in the conditions of the radionuclide-contaminated alienation zone of the Chornobyl Power Plant

Yakymchuk

Valyuk

Sobolenko

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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“…Головною мішенню впливу генотоксичних хімічних сполук у клітині є ДНК та, ймовірно, деякі білки, які відіграють структурну роль в організації геному або беруть участь у реплікації, рекомбінації чи репарації пошкоджень ДНК [2]. Дослідивши близько 200 сполук різної природи, І. А. Рапопорт встановив, що за механізмами впливу на живі організми вони відрізняються (інактиватори і активатори ферментів, зв'язувачі білків, аналоги фізіологічно активних сполук і продукти катаболізму) [3], але в основі їх дії лежить одне джерело -величини дипольних моментів [4].…”

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Cytogenetic disorders of winter wheat root meristem cells under the action of moderate and high concentrations of N-nitroso-N-methylurea

Yakymchuk

2023

Fakt. eksp. evol. org.

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Aim. To study the frequency and spectrum of the cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L., induced by the effect of moderate and high concentrations of N-nitroso-N-methylurea. Methods. The seeds of winter wheat of cultivars Albatros odeskyi and Zymoiarka were treated with water solution of N-nitroso-N-methylurea in such concentrations as 0.005 %, 0.01 %, 0.025 %. A cytogenetic analysis of the cells of a root meristem was made with help of an anatelophase method. Results. The frequency of mitoses with chromosome aberrations amounted to 2.74–23.05 %, and it depended on the concentration of a mutagen and a plant genotype. A significant increase of the frequency of the aberrant cells was recorded as a result of the effect of the mutagen in the concentration 0.025 %, which was associated with a radiometric impact caused by the influence of a chemical mutagen in a high concentration. The spectrum of cytogenetic disorders contained mostly acentric fragments, the bridges of a chromatid type and the chromosomes which lagged behind. As the super-mutagen concentration increased, the spectrum expansion of the cytogenetic disorders took place at the expense of the even acentric fragments, micro-nuclei and acentric rings. Conclusions. The frequency of the chromosome aberrations, induced by the effect of NMU, exceeds the control level by 3.5–39.7 times, and it depends directly on the concentration of a chemical mutagen. N-nitroso-N-methylurea in the concentration equal to 0.025 % shows a radiometric effect which classifies a mentioned amount of the concentration of a super-mutagen as a high one. A serious increase of the indicator of the number of aberrations per aberrant cell appeared to be typical only when it was under the effect of a chemical mutagen in the highest concentration.

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Genetic improvement of plants: main scientific achievements and innovative developments

Morgun¹,

Rybalka²,

Дубровна³

2021

Fiziol.rast. genet.

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Peculiarities of the mechanisms of spontaneous, and induced by ionizing radiation and chemical factors mutagenesis

Abstract: mutagenic factors which will cause a high level of organism variability directed by a plant-breeder, and will help identify the ways how to avoid their negative genetic consequences in case of they ingress into environment.

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Induction of useful mutations in Triticum aestivum in the conditions of the radionuclide-contaminated alienation zone of the Chornobyl Power Plant

Induction of useful mutations in Triticum aestivum in the conditions of the radionuclide-contaminated alienation zone of the Chornobyl Power Plant

Cytogenetic disorders of winter wheat root meristem cells under the action of moderate and high concentrations of N-nitroso-N-methylurea

Genetic improvement of plants: main scientific achievements and innovative developments

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