Peculiarities of the Structural and Functional Rearrangement of the Parenchyma of the Testes of Rats With Dosed Stenosis of the Aorto-Iliac Segment

Abstract

Relevance. Abdominal ischemic disease is a general term that characterizes various clinical syndromes of damage to the organs of the digestive system when blood flow is disturbed in the abdominal part of the aorta and its branches, as a result of which there is a disparity of the blood supply of internal organs to their energy needs with the subsequent development of chronic ischemia and necrosis of cells and tissue.
 Objective. To establish the characteristic features of the dynamics of the remodeling of the blood vessel of the testicles of rats with dosed stenosis of the aorto-iliac segment.
 Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 48 white outbred sexually mature male rats with an average age of 3 months and a weight of 180-200 g. All animals were divided into two groups: experimental group consisted of 36 animals with simulated dosage stenosis of the aorto-iliac segment and control group (12 subjects). All operative manipulations were performed in compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis. Preliminary anesthetization of the animals was carried out with the intramuscular injections of ketamine (50 mg/ml) in terms of 0.083 mg/g of body weight. After performing a laparotomy through a midsection along the white line of the abdominal wall, the abdominal aorta was isolated and compressed by 1/3 of its diameter by applying a silk ligature. The degree of narrowing was controlled using a metal probe with a cone-shaped tip according to the already known method. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th day, the animals were taken out of the experiment and an organometric assessment of the condition of the testicles was carried out with the determination of the following parameters: the weight of the organ was determined using a torsion weight VT-500, the length and width were measured using a caliper. After that, pieces of testicular tissue were taken and fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin and 96% ethyl alcohol. The obtained paraffin sections with a thickness of 5-7 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and microscopic examination of a series of histological sections was carried out.
 Results. A day after the simulation of experimental stenosis of the aorto-iliac segment, a microscopic examination of the structures of the testicle revealed significant swelling of the stroma of the organ. The interstitial tissue was unevenly located between the tortuous seminiferous tubules, the lumen between which was slightly expanded. At the same time, the internal structure of the tubules remained preserved, layers of spermatogenic cells at different stages of maturation were clearly differentiated in them.
 On the third day of observation, previously identified signs of disorders of organ blood circulation in the testicles continued to increase. The swelling of the testicular interstitial tissue slightly decreased, but it was accompanied by changes in the structure of the cells of the spermatogenic epithelium, the manifestation of which was the detachment of spermatogonia from the basal membrane of the tubules and the expansion of the spaces between the rows of spermatogenic cells. The walls of the small arteries and arterioles were still significantly thickened.
 On the 7th day of observation, against the background of a significant decrease in the swelling of the space between the tortuous seminiferous tubules, dystrophic changes in the testicular tissue began to increase.
 On the 14th day of observation, even more expressed signs of organ hemodynamics violation were observed, and as a result, deviations of the trophism of testicles of experimental animals. Manifestation of such changes were prominent arterial and venous plethora. Large-caliber arteries were significantly filled with blood, and as a result, small and medium-caliber arteries, especially arterioles, had thickened walls and a markedly narrowed lumen.
 Conclusion. With dosed stenosis of the aorto-iliac segment, significant disorders of central hemodynamics occur, which are characteristic of occlusive diseases of the aorta and its branches.
 As a result, in the testes of sexually mature male rats, dystrophic changes in the cells of the spermatogenic epithelium occur and the functional activity of the organ decreases, which can form the basis for the development of infertility.