Among the terms for technology-enhanced education, ‘e-learning' may be an umbrella one to cover various types; on the mobile platform, ‘mobile learning' or ‘m-learning' has gained a solid foothold. A historical review of the development from e-learning to m-learning may help draw a clearer picture of technology-enhanced education in history and in the future. The change of the major medium from computers to smartphones involves not only where learning may occur in the digital age but also how. M-learning shares some similarities with e-learning, for example, enhancing learner autonomy, yet facing the difficulty in assessing efficacy and effectiveness. In the meantime, with advancing mobile technology, m-learning can achieve higher portability and personalisation in three aspects: devices, materials, and learners. How to engage, retain, and motivate mobile learners in the informal and spontaneous settings merit more attention. Solid theoretical underpinnings and empirically validated practice in other disciplines may shed light on the avenues of future research.