Pedaling torque sensor-less power assist control of an electric bike via model-based impedance control

Cheon, Dasol; Nam, Kwangwoo

doi:10.1007/s12239-017-0033-5

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Modelling of BLDC motor is done as in [3] and [4] using the three phases, under the assumptions that all the three phases are symmetric and rotor being non-salient type, the rotor reluctance does not change with angular displacement. For all the phases, the mutual inductances and self inductances are also assumed to be symmetric.…”

Section: Motor Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technical performance of a dc drive electric bicycle is evaluated in [2], where the control strategy is not automated. In [4] modelling and control of electric motor drives are discussed which provides ne accounts on modelling and control aspects of BLDC motors. A deep understanding on the working and construction of BLDC motor is presented in [5] along with the sensor-less control of BLDC motor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real time analysis of an intelligent torque controller for a hybrid bicycle

Indulal¹,

Ushakumari²,

Nair³

2018

IJET

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Most of the means of transportation is based on Internal Combustion engines, since they are fast and furious means of transportation. But bicycles are also relevant nowadays since they are the ideal means of the short commutation and which also helps in improving the human health by serving as a work out machine. But in our busy life bicycles are not preferred due to the uneven terrains. Electric bikes are the solution for this issue. Pedal assist sensor (PAS) based hybrid bicycle are also available, which will intermittently turn on and control the speed of electric drive based on the pedal crank speed. Thus there the electric drive assistance will be provided based on the speed of the pedal cranking. The real assistance should be provided when our torque requirement is needed. This paper deal with a novel sensor which sends the effort required at the pedal by the rider and intelligently control the electric drive so as to meet the required torque. The advantage of this controller is that the rider need to give only the same effort at the pedal irrespective of the terrain variations for a constant speed ride. A Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is proposed here. The performance of the controller is simulated and analysed with the experimental results to prove the efficacy of the proposed technique.

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Section: Motor Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real time analysis of an intelligent torque controller for a hybrid bicycle

Indulal¹,

Ushakumari²,

Nair³

2018

IJET

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“…The DOBs are widely used to achieve robustness to model uncertainties and disturbances in control systems. Also, a DOB can be used to estimate disturbances without using costly force sensors [5][6][7]. DOBs have been employed in many fields such as motion control [8][9][10], high friction systems [11] and vehicles [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other works based on DOBs investigate the problem of providing a proper electrical assistance starting from the estimated pedalling torque. In particular, in [5], a method which exploits two DOBs is proposed. In this work, one DOB is used to realize a robust control by removing the estimated disturbance whereas an additional DOB estimates the applied pedalling torque in order to provide electrical assistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorless Pedalling Torque Estimation Based on Motor Load Torque Observation for Electrically Assisted Bicycles

et al. 2021

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The need for reducing the cost of and space in Electrically Assisted Bicycles (EABs) has led the research to the development of solutions able to sense the applied pedalling torque and to provide a suitable electrical assistance avoiding the installation of torque sensors. Among these approaches, this paper proposes a novel method for the estimation of the pedalling torque starting from an estimation of the motor load torque given by a Load Torque Observer (LTO) and evaluating the environmental disturbances that act on the vehicle longitudinal dynamics. Moreover, this work shows the robustness of this approach to rotor position estimation errors introduced when sensorless techniques are used to control the motor. Therefore, this method allows removing also position sensors leading to an additional cost and space reduction. After a mathematical description of the vehicle longitudinal dynamics, this work proposes a state observer capable of estimating the applied pedalling torque. The theory is validated by means of experimental results performed on a bicycle under different conditions and exploiting the Direct Flux Control (DFC) sensorless technique to obtain the rotor position information. Afterwards, the identification of the system parameters together with the tuning of the control system and of the LTO required for the validation of the proposed theory are thoroughly described. Finally, the capabilities of the state observer of estimating an applied pedalling torque and of recognizing the application of external disturbance torques to the motor is verified.

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“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Since the DOB estimates all the input torques, the human pedaling torque is extracted from filtering methods. 22,23 The human torque reconstruction algorithm using a half pedal sensor is presented in Spagnol et al 24 Driving range and cost are the two important challenges in electric vehicles that need to be addressed. Driving range of the vehicle depends on the capacity of the battery, power of the electric motor and overall efficiency of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-assist control of a human–electric hybrid bicycle with energy regeneration and cruise control

Padmagirisan

Sowmya

Sankaranarayanan

2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I:

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In this article, we propose three different controllers for the human-electric hybrid bicycle. The main objective of the controller is to ensure power-assist, cruise control and regenerative braking whenever possible. Power-assist controller is designed without torque sensor, cruise controller is designed to keep constant speed and the regenerative braking controller is designed to save the energy while braking. Proportion-assisted power method is implemented using the pedaling torque estimated by disturbance observer. Cruise control is achieved using the estimated speed from the hall sensor rather than using actual speed sensor. Single switch regenerative braking method is applied to yield maximum energy recovery during braking. It is noted that the performance similar to torque sensor-based proportion-assisted power is achieved using torque sensorless approach. All of the proposed controllers are implemented experimentally in the experimental setup, and their results are presented.

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Pedaling torque sensor-less power assist control of an electric bike via model-based impedance control

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Real time analysis of an intelligent torque controller for a hybrid bicycle

Real time analysis of an intelligent torque controller for a hybrid bicycle

Sensorless Pedalling Torque Estimation Based on Motor Load Torque Observation for Electrically Assisted Bicycles

Power-assist control of a human–electric hybrid bicycle with energy regeneration and cruise control

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