Pedestrian-Aware Engine Management Strategies for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Abstract-Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are increasingly being seen as a means of mitigating the pressing concerns of traffic-related pollution. While hybrid vehicles are usually designed with the objective of minimising fuel consumption, in this paper we propose engine management strategies that also take into account environmental effects of the vehicles to pedestrians outside of the vehicles. Specifically, we present optimisation based engine energy management strategies for PHEVs, that attempt to minimise the environmental impact of pedestrians along the route of the vehicle, while taking account of route dependent uncertainties. We implement the proposed approach in a real PHEV, and evaluate the performance in a hardware-in-the-loop platform. A variety of simulation results are given to illustrate the efficacy of our proposed approach.

A New Take on Protecting Cyclists in Smart Cities

“…This system works by using a GPS-enabled Android smartphone to automatically switch the HV into EV Mode when inside fixed geofences around residential or school areas. In [7] an EMS was formulated which aims to lower the emission output of the vehicle in areas of high pedestrian traffic taking account of the uncertainty of routes the driver may travel to. Our paper will extend the work of [16] by using the RFID system to create the geofence dynamically and have it move with the cyclist rather than remain static.…”

“…The justification for this, in the present context, is that cyclists are typically more vulnerable than other road users due to their increased respiratory rate, and their proximity to vehicle tailpipes (with some studies suggesting that they experience more than twice the level of exposure than pedestrians). However, the reader should also note that additional constraints can also be introduced into the optimisation to account for other road users and city dwellers; see [6], [7], [8].…”

Distributed Ledger Enabled Control of Tyre Induced Particulate Matter in Smart Cities

“…(i) Outright bans on polluting vehicles and embracing zero tailpipe emission vehicles in certain city zones (Dey et al, 2018); (ii) Measuring air quality as a means to better informing citizens of zones of higher pollution (Rai et al, 2017); and (iii) Developing smart mobility devices that seek to minimize the effect of polluting devices on citizens as they transport goods and individuals in our cities (Gu et al, 2017;Herrmann et al, 2018;Sweeney et al, 2018).…”

Optimal Selection of Navigation Modes of HEVs Considering CO2 Emissions Reduction

“…Basically, an HEV has two navigation modes, namely, charge-sustaining mode (SM) in which the HEV consumes fuel, and charge-depleting mode (DM) where the HEV uses its battery, which determine the energy state of the battery and the locomotion system [2]. In the service sector, several applications for HEVs exist, mainly for emergency and delivery services [3], [4]. In the performance of HEVs during operation, traffic information (flow and density of traffic) along a given period and the uncertainties for each type of service should be considered [5].…”

“…In this approach, the trip information integrated into path planning, and charging stations was used to analyze the Chevrolet Volt performance, while ignoring the impact of extra hours, as well as the distances traveled in each driving mode during the operation. An engine management strategy to control the pollutant effect of CO2 emissions on pedestrians along a specified route was developed in [3]. This strategy was used for testing the Toyota Prius performance in four prespecified routes on the city map; while in the city area, there were no charging points along the routes, all the routes presented the same starting points, and the arrival points did not have any connection.…”