Pedestrian-induced lateral vibrations of footbridges: A literature review

Ingólfsson, Einar Thór; Georgakis, Christos Τ.; Jönsson, Jeppe

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.05.038

Cited by 148 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Nevertheless, footbridges are generally slender structures due to the structural solutions adopted even for aesthetic requirements and the using of deformable elements, and so they are increasingly sensitive to dynamic vibrations induced by pedestrian actions [1,2] that can compromise the comfort serviceability conditions. Hence, the full assessment of footbridge dynamic behaviour with reference to pedestrian dynamic amplifications is a topical issue in the vibration serviceability analyses [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Analyses of a Curved Cable-Stayed Footbridge Under Human Induced Vibrations: Numerical Models and Experimental Tests

Bassoli¹,

Gambarelli²,

Simonini³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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Abstract. Nowadays, pedestrian bridges are increasingly lively and slender structures due to the development of improved structural materials and aesthetic requirements. As a result of INTRODUCTIONOver the last decades, cable-stayed bridges and footbridges have reached great importance and popularity thanks to the ease of construction, the economical convenience and the reduction of the deck bending moments due to the benefit of cables. Nevertheless, footbridges are generally slender structures due to the structural solutions adopted even for aesthetic requirements and the using of deformable elements, and so they are increasingly sensitive to dynamic vibrations induced by pedestrian actions [1,2] that can compromise the comfort serviceability conditions. Hence, the full assessment of footbridge dynamic behaviour with reference to pedestrian dynamic amplifications is a topical issue in the vibration serviceability analyses [3][4][5].Accurate FE models are often needed to investigate the dynamic behaviour of these kinds of structures and to reproduce the pedestrian effects through dynamic analyses considering adequate human-induced load models. However, the complex shapes of these structures usually involve difficulties in accurate structural modelling and simulation. Therefore, model updating procedures are required to develop reliable models starting from the comparison between the structural dynamic behaviour investigated through dynamic tests and its numerical model response [6].This paper is a part of a research that aims to characterize the dynamic behaviour of a curved cable-stayed footbridge subjected to pedestrian loads starting from experimental tests and numerical dynamic analyses. The case study is the Pasternak footbridge that is about 270 meters long and 3 meters wide and it crosses an important freeway in Modena (Italy). It is composed of two steel towers 18 meters high that support the steel-concrete deck by means of 6 pairs of cables.First of all, the dynamic behaviour of the footbridge is investigated thanks to an experimental campaign performed by means of an advanced MEMS-based SHM system [7]. Through the dynamic tests the accelerations due to ambient vibrations (wind) are recorded and the modal parameters (frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios) are identified [8].To study the dynamic behaviour of the footbridge subjected to pedestrian loads, several experimental tests were performed with different-sized groups crossing the footbridge running, free or synchronized walking with different pacing frequencies. To simulate dynamic loading conditions due to a single pedestrian or a crowd of people crossing the structure, two mathematical models are examined. In these models, vertical dynamic actions depend on the pacing frequency, the walking (or running) speed, the step length, the number of people involved and the synchronous action modelling. To apply the first approach, a finite element model is developed and calibrated so that the numerical dynamic predictions agree with the experimental ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Analyses of a Curved Cable-Stayed Footbridge Under Human Induced Vibrations: Numerical Models and Experimental Tests

Bassoli¹,

Gambarelli²,

Simonini³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This paper describes a rapid development of pedestrian modelling strategies in the structural engineering context since the start of the new millennium, also illustrated in extensive literature reviews on the subject [4,6,[10][11][12][13]. From modelling a human dynamic force exclusively by means of the Fourier harmonic components, the modelling has since diversified to accommodate randomness in the dynamic force and include humanstructure integration to the point that some of these approaches are incorporated in the contemporary design practice.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendations For Further Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…large road bridges) as early as in the 1950s [4], albeit rarely reported to a wider audience. Some now well-known examples are lateral vibrations of the north side of the Auckland Harbour Road Bridge in New Zealand caused by demonstrations in 1975 [3] as well as a recent sway of the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City which was exposed to an unusual loading scenario of crowd of pedestrians during a power blackout [4]. Another example experienced by the author herself is excessive vibration of the Branko's Bridge in Belgrade triggered by a crowd of protesters during demonstrations in 1990s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling human actions on lightweight structures: experimental and numerical developments

Živanović

2015

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. This paper presents recent, numerical and experimental, developments in modelling dynamic loading generated by humans. As modern structures with exposure to human-induced loading, such as footbridges, building floors and grandstands, are becoming ever lighter and more slender, they are increasingly susceptible to vibration under human-induced dynamic excitation, such as walking, jumping, running and bobbing, and their vibration serviceability assessment is often a deciding factor in the design process. While simplified modelling of the human using a harmonic force was sufficient for assessment of vibration performance of more robust structures a few decades ago, the higher fidelity models are required in the contemporary design. These models are expected not only to describe both temporal and spectral features of the force signal more accurately, but also to capture the influence, psychological and physiological, of human-structure and human-human interaction mechanisms on the human kinematics, and consequently on the force generated and the resulting vibration response. Significant advances have been made in both the research studies and design guidance. This paper reports the key developments and identifies the scope for further research.

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“…Human body can sense very small amplitudes of vibration (0,001 mm) so the serviceability problem occurs at the level of vibration which is far below the level that causes damage in a structure [2,5]. Many famous pedestrian bridges in the world (such as Millennium Bridge in London [2,6,7] Passerelle Solferino in France [6,8], Toda Park Bridge in Japan [7]) have problems with dynamic behaviour due to vibration caused by walking or running.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serviceability verification of pedestrian bridges under pedestrian loading

Grandić

2015

Teh. vjesn.

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Subject reviewDue to their slenderness, pedestrian bridges may vibrate significantly under pedestrian traffic. Many researches in the past few decades deal with the problem of predicting the vibration response induced by human activity reliably. Most of the codes in the field of footbridge design define certain pedestrian comfort criteria which have to be satisfied to fulfil the serviceability in relation to vibration. The main disadvantage of the current European codes (Eurocodes) is lack of defined dynamic models of pedestrian loads for the serviceability state verification in relation with vibration. In this paper a design procedure (with load models recommendation) for verification of the serviceability limit state related to vibration due to pedestrians is proposed. According to the proposed procedure the serviceability verification on a model of a reinforced concrete pedestrian bridge in the Maksimir Park in Zagreb is conducted. Keywords: pedestrian bridge; pedestrian load models; serviceability verification Dokaz graničnog stanja uporabljivosti pješačkih mostova pod pješačkim opterećenjemPregledni članak Pješački promet može izazvati značajne vibracije vitkih pješačkih mostova. U proteklih nekoliko desetljeća mnogi se znanstvenici bave problemom pouzdanog predviđanja dinamičkog odgovora (vibriranja) mostova izazvanog ljudskim kretanjem. Većina normi za projektiranje mostova definira određene kriterije koje je potrebno zadovoljiti da bi bilo dokazano granično stanje uporabljivosti vezano uz vibriranje. Osnovni nedostatak važećih europskih normi (Eurokodova) je nedostatak definiranih modela pješačkih opterećenja za koja se provodi dokaz graničnog stanja uporabljivosti vezanog uz vibriranje. U radu je predložen postupak proračuna pješačkih mostova (s preporučenim modelima pješačkog opterećenja) u području graničnog stanja vibracija uzrokovanih pješačkim opterećenjem. Koristeći predloženi postupak proveden je dokaz graničnog stanja uporabljivosti na modelu armiranobetonskog pješačkog mosta u parku Maksimir u Zagrebu.

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Pedestrian-induced lateral vibrations of footbridges: A literature review

Cited by 148 publications

References 67 publications

Dynamic Analyses of a Curved Cable-Stayed Footbridge Under Human Induced Vibrations: Numerical Models and Experimental Tests

Dynamic Analyses of a Curved Cable-Stayed Footbridge Under Human Induced Vibrations: Numerical Models and Experimental Tests

Modelling human actions on lightweight structures: experimental and numerical developments

Serviceability verification of pedestrian bridges under pedestrian loading

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