Pediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome Presenting as a Massive Stroke: A Case Report

Abstract

Pediatric strokes are infrequent yet impactful occurrences with distinct challenges due to their unique pathophysiology and diagnostic complexities. Antiphospholipid syndrome, an autoimmune disorder characterized by antiphospholipid antibodies, can lead to prothrombotic states causing vascular occlusions. Here, we present the case of a previously healthy two-year-old girl who presented with sudden right-sided hemiparesis and altered consciousness. Comprehensive assessments and evaluations revealed a diagnosis of a massive left middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke secondary to antiphospholipid syndrome. The patient received intensive care, antiplatelet therapy, and supportive measures. Gradual improvement in neurological status and motor skills was observed during hospitalization, and the patient underwent comprehensive rehabilitation. This case emphasizes the importance of vigilance, thorough diagnostic evaluation, and tailored treatment strategies. Anticoagulation therapy plays a pivotal role, necessitating a delicate balance between thrombosis prevention and bleeding risk. The significance of multidisciplinary approaches and specialized care for pediatric stroke cases is underscored.