Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): An Evolving Concept

Macerollo, Antonella; Martino, Davide

doi:10.7916/d8zc81m1

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In addition, the autoimmune disease has gained even more attention at a time when researchers have failed to indicate a precise rate of prevalence among children already suffering from obsessive-compulsive symptoms or tics for a long time. Not only have the patients expressed confusion regarding their condition, but the science has also been losing credibility due to its unsuccessful attempts at finding any particular biomarkers for the disorder [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, even though the diagnosis appears streamlined because of the sudden changes, doctors tend to overlook PANDAS due to differentials overlapping with the disorder [3]. Clinicians have recently pointed out incomplete delineations of the diagnostic criteria from the previous decade [9]. In contrast to the noticeable shift in personality or involuntary motions, it takes a detailed physical examination and a comprehensive history for the doctor to accurately diagnose and differentiate the disease from other very common conditions [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Group A Streptococci: Etiopathology and Diagnostic Challenges

Hutanu¹,

Reddy²,

Mathew³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) have attracted a lot of interest and discussion since it was originally characterized in 1998. The role of streptococcal infection in children with abrupt-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and new-onset tics, the natural history of this entity, and the role of symptomatic and disease-modifying therapies, such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, and psychoactive drugs, are still unresolved issues. Alternative therapies for acute-onset OCD have been developed based on this postulated pathophysiology, including antibiotics and immunomodulatory therapy. The literature on PANDAS therapy is varied but there is no clinical consensus on the treatment of choice.While there is no convincing evidence for the autoimmune rationale for PANDAS, given the increased attention to this entity and the apparent growth in usage of this diagnostic category, it is critical to address concerns about the condition's diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis.We conducted a multi-language literature search on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar for a period spanning until October 2021. The following search strings and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms were used: "PANDAS," "Group A Streptococcus," "OCD," and "tics." We explored the literature on PANDAS in terms of its epidemiology, pathophysiology, the role of group A streptococcal infection, associated complications, and prophylactic and treatment modalities.We examined current working definitions of PANDAS, analyzed differential diagnoses, and published pieces of evidence for therapies associated with this entity, with a view to proposing a therapeutic strategy for children with acute symptoms that meet PANDAS criteria, in this review article.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Group A Streptococci: Etiopathology and Diagnostic Challenges

Hutanu¹,

Reddy²,

Mathew³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…It is estimated that one in 200 children have PANDAS (ASPIRE, 2021;NIMH, 2019). However, PANDAS is a controversial diagnosis and is often misdiagnosed (Macerollo & Martino, 2013;Pupillo, 2017;Wilbur et al, 2019). With no definitive laboratory studies to diagnose PANDAS, the emphasis for healthcare workers, including nurses, is to focus on symptom identification and the management of bacterial infections and tic disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdisciplinary Collaboration to Care for Students Diagnosed with PANDAS: An Education and Referral Intervention

Boyd

Moyer

Lambert

2022

The Journal of School Nursing

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Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is an autoimmune disorder associated with sudden onset of behavior changes. The prevalence of PANDAS is increasing in schools and interdisciplinary collaboration, knowledge, and the use of referrals to the school nurse are important for supporting students. This project sought to provide education on PANDAS to the interdisciplinary school team and implement a referral process for students exhibiting behavior changes. A self-directed online educational intervention was employed. A pretest-posttest design was utilized to assess knowledge before, immediately after, and six-weeks after the educational intervention. A referral log was implemented to track the number of referrals to the school nurse. The final sample size included 19 participants. Mean scores increased from pretest to posttest, and the implementation of a referral system produced 12 new school nurse referrals. Further strategies are needed to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration and support students experiencing health-related issues.

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The Role of Tonsillectomy in the Treatment of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS)

Demesh

Virbalas

Bent

2015

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): An Evolving Concept

Cited by 25 publications

References 90 publications

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Group A Streptococci: Etiopathology and Diagnostic Challenges

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Group A Streptococci: Etiopathology and Diagnostic Challenges

Interdisciplinary Collaboration to Care for Students Diagnosed with PANDAS: An Education and Referral Intervention

The Role of Tonsillectomy in the Treatment of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS)

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