Pediatric bacteremia caused by Chromobacterium haemolyticum/Chromobacterium aquaticum

Harmon, Nicole; Mortensen, Joel E.; Robinette, Eric D.; Powell, Eleanor A.

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.05.021

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These results suggest that bacteria can cause bacteremia leading to acute death, mainly through wound infection, and the results are similar to the way humans are infected with Chromobacterium haemolyticum . (Harmon, Mortensen, Robinette, & Powell, 2016;Miki & Okada, 2014). The bacteria have 390 virulence genes and 57 drug resistance genes, whether these genes are pathogenic still needs further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal piglets diarrhea caused by a novel Chromobacterium haemolyticum

Zhang

et al. 2022

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Chromobacterium haemolyticum is a fatal gram-negative bacterium, which had been found that has the ability to infect human. In this study, we detected a nonpigmented, β-hemolytic gram-negative bacillus from fecal samples of piglets with severe diarrhea and death. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated it was most closely related to Chromobacterium haemolyticum, however only with 79% identities, indicating that this bacterium may be a new type of Chromobacterium haemolyticum. Diarrhea was reproduced in experimental pigs with one of the isolates strains, designated GDHYZ30 strain. Intramuscular injection of the GDHYZ30 strain can cause death of the piglets, and irrigated challenge induced piglets diarrhea. To further elucidate the mechanism of pathogensis of this bacterium, whole genome sequencing was used to analyze and annotate the GDHYZ30 strain. The full-length genome of the strain was 4785117bp, the G+C content was 62.67%, and it encoded 4398 genes, in which 57 drug resistance genes, and 390 virulence factors were included. It is worth noting that this novel Chromobacterium haemolyticum has been isolated from several other pig farm water samples and pig feces samples with unexplained diarrhea. To our knowledge this is the first report that a novel Chromobacterium haemolyticum as a new pathogen causing diarrhea and death in piglets and transmiting through water sources. And the genetic characteristics of the bacteria are analyzed by whole gene sequencing, which provides a reference for the prevention of human and animal infections and food safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal piglets diarrhea caused by a novel Chromobacterium haemolyticum

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…This severe case of drowning-associated pneumonia and bacteremia due to C. haemolyticum was successfully treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Previously, 5 clinical cases of C. haemolyticum infections had been reported, including sputum colonization, necrotizing fasciitis with bacteremia, proctocolitis, pneumonia, and pediatric bacteremia ( 2 , 4 , 7 – 9 ). All patients, including the patient we report, survived after antimicrobial treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. violaceum can produce a violet pigment (violacein) in most strains, and nonpigmented strains rarely have been described ( 10 ). C. haemolyticum does not produce violacein and is characterized by strong hemolytic activity on sheep blood agar ( 2 , 4 ). Only C. violaceum is currently available in the genus Chromobacterium on the mass spectrometry database of species identification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differentiation between C. haemolyticum and C. violaceum is crucial because C. haemolyticum has greater resistance to antimicrobial drugs, such as β-lactams ( 2 , 7 ). Although C. aquaticum is a nonpigmented, β-hemolytic strain phenotypically similar to C. haemolyticum , 16S rRNA sequencing might not determine either C. haemolyticum or C. aquaticum because of artificial separation of both species ( 4 ). Thus, WGS is a useful tool for accurate identification of Chromobacterium species to avoid misidentification of C. haemolyticum ( 1 – 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most Chromobacterium infections in humans have been caused by C. violaceum ( 6 ). Recently, exceptionally rare cases of C. haemolyticum infections have been described ( 2 , 4 , 7 – 9 ), but environmental sources of this pathogen have not been well investigated. We describe a case of Chromobacterium -associated pneumonia due to near-drowning and environmental investigation of a river site of the near-drowning.…”

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