Pediatric Blepharoptosis

Abstract

Congenital blepharoptosis, caused by levator muscle dysgenesis, presents at birth and may lead to disturbed visual development and function. Other causes of ptosis in pediatric patients can be myogenic, neurogenic, mechanical, or traumatic. Timely correction is, therefore, critical, and careful preoperative planning and intraoperative considerations are crucial to achieve optimal outcomes and minimize potential complications. The various surgical techniques, including the frontalis suspension or sling, levator resection and advancement, M?ller's muscle conjunctival resection (the Putterman procedure), and modified Fasanella-Servat procedure are each associated with distinct indications, benefits, and drawbacks, necessitating a unique tailored approach to each surgical candidate.

More than meets the eye: a comprehensive review of blepharoptosis

“…The patient must also be at least 3 years old with a minimum height of 38 inches to successfully harvest the graft. Although ptosis surgery is commonly delayed until the age of 3 to allow for maturation of anatomical structures, amblyogenic risk often necessitates urgent intervention at an earlier age [67,152] . Allogeneic banked fascia lata is a frontalis suspension material that can be considered in children under the age of 3 with significant amblyogenic risk.…”

Ophthalmological Perspective on Pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat Infections

“…In a healthy person, the upper palpebra covers the upper border of the cornea by 1-2 mm, whereas the lower palpebral border is located at the corneoscleral junction, wherein the palpebral structure should be symmetrical in both eyes. Blepharoptosis or ptosis refers to the condition in which the upper palpebra covers the cornea more than it normally should [5]. While mild blepharoptosis that does not cover the pupil only causes cosmetic or refractive problems in children, long-term blepharoptosis that obstructs the visual axis may lead to amblyopia, thereby causing ocular morbidity in early childhood [6].…”

Ptosis in childhood

“…Although surgical treatment involves the use of several techniques, the most commonly recommended treatment involves anterior levator aponeurotic muscle resection or a frontalis sling or suspension procedure. [ 24 ]…”