Pediatric brain tumors: the era of molecular diagnostics, targeted and immune-based therapeutics, and a focus on long term neurologic sequelae

Plant-Fox, Ashley; O’Halloran, Katrina; Goldman, Stewart

doi:10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100777

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Since that we need more information especially the genetic ones related to diagnosis as well as assessment. It is commonly recognized that mutations in BRAF are considered to have a poor prognosis, and the targeted therapies using inhibitors have made a signi cant impact on the treatment of PAs [4] . Although large-scale genomic pro ling efforts have identi ed most of the pathogenic mutations that are convergent on the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, it's now realized that these events are not su cient to lead to gliomagenesis and clinical progression [5] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics analysis of potential core genes for pilocytic astrocytoma

Zhang

Zeng

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common primary brain tumor of childhood. Due to its complicated pathogenesis, the choice and timing of adjuvant therapy after tumor treatment are controversial. This study explored and identified potential biomarkers for PA. Materials and methods To identify potential core genes in PA that may provide new therapeutic insights, we analyzed three gene chips (GSE50161, GSE66354, GSE86574) screened from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) from the tissues of PA and normal brain were screened using GEO2R. To determine the functional annotation and pathway of DEG, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using DAVID database. Protein interactions of DEG were visualized using PPI network on Cytoscape software. Next, 10 Hub nodes were screened from the differentially expressed network using DMNC algorithm on CytoHubba software and subsequently identified as Hub genes. Finally, the relationship between Hub genes and the prognosis of PA patients was described using GEPIA2 survival analysis web tool. Results A total of 37 up-regulated and 144 down-regulated genes were identified through microarray analysis. Amongst the 10 Hub genes selected, SLC12A5 and RAB3C are associated with poor prognosis in a Pilocytic astrocytoma based on the survival analysis. Conclusion Our study suggests that low expression of SLC12A5 and RAB3C are associated with poor prognosis in PA patients, whether they can be used as a new therapeutic target for PA.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics analysis of potential core genes for pilocytic astrocytoma

Zhang

Zeng

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Depending on which functional brain structures are irradiated, children who are treated for CNS malignancy often experience substantial long-term impairment in cognitive functions [ 66 , 67 ]. There are different studies in the literature reporting the impact of RT on global intellectual functioning and on specific domains such as memory, attention, and processing speed [ 1 , 11 , 18 , 69 , 70 ]. In cohorts of children treated with conventional radiotherapy techniques, an IQ decline of 2–8 points per year is reported [ 20 ].…”

Section: Factors Influencing Neurologic and Cognitive Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Outcomes of Children Treated for Brain Tumors

Pancaldi

Pugliese²,

Migliozzi³

et al. 2023

Children

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are the most common solid tumors diagnosed in children. CNS tumors represent the leading cause of cancer death and cancer-related morbidity for children less than 20 years of age, although there has been a moderate increase in survival rates over the past several decades. The average survival at 5 years now nearly reaches 75%, and for some, non-malignant histology approximates 97% at 20 years from diagnosis. Neurological, cognitive, and neuropsychological deficits are the most disabling long-term effects of brain tumors in children. Childhood is a time of extreme brain sensitivity and the time of life in which most brain development occurs. Thus, the long-term toxicities that children treated for CNS tumors experience can affect multiple developmental domains and day-to-day functioning, ultimately leading to a poor quality of survival (QoS). We reviewed literature focusing on the risk factors for cognitive and neuropsychological impairment in pediatric patients treated for brain tumors with the aim of better understanding who is at major risk and what the best strategies for monitoring these patients are.

show abstract

“…In some tumour types the methylation profile is essential to establish the proper diagnosis. Multiple studies showed that some molecular aberrations are connected with the outcome and might be used to optimize the treatment and administer specific target therapies [61,67].…”

Section: Paediatric-type Gliomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

WHO CNS5 2021 classification of gliomas: a practical review and road signs for diagnosing pathologists and proper patho-clinical and neuro-oncological cooperation

Sejda¹,

Grajkowska²,

Trubicka³

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 5 th edition of World Health Organization (WHO) Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours classification has transformed the pathological diagnosis of gliomas from purely histological to the multilayered integrated one with molecular biomarkers necessary for proper classification, risk stratification, and prognostic-predictive clinical purposes. Because of deep and important changes in taxonomy and diagnostic approach to gliomas, this manuscript is a review of WHO CNS classification 5 th edition with general testing guidance for pathologists and clinicians working in neuro-oncology.

show abstract

Pediatric brain tumors: the era of molecular diagnostics, targeted and immune-based therapeutics, and a focus on long term neurologic sequelae

Cited by 27 publications

References 63 publications

Bioinformatics analysis of potential core genes for pilocytic astrocytoma

Bioinformatics analysis of potential core genes for pilocytic astrocytoma

Neuropsychological Outcomes of Children Treated for Brain Tumors

WHO CNS5 2021 classification of gliomas: a practical review and road signs for diagnosing pathologists and proper patho-clinical and neuro-oncological cooperation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About