Pediatric Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Review of Available Published Literature

Yagnik, Priyank; Umscheid, Jacob; Khan, Abdul Wasay; Ali, Mazahir; Bhatt, Parth; Desai, Pooja

doi:10.1177/0009922820920017

Cited by 18 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Interestingly, male neonates were affected significantly more than female neonates, which was a similar observation in a review by Yagnik et al 52 Seven neonates out of 23 (30%) were asymptomatic, while common clinical findings in symptomatic neonates were fever (38-39°C), lethargy, tachycardia, hypotension, respiratory symptoms (tachypnea and mild intercostal/subcostal retractions), and gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting and/or diarrhea). Interestingly neonates were observed to be sicker if they had suspected horizontal transmission versus vertical transmission.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Outcomes in COVID-19 Positive Neonates and Possibility of Viral Vertical Transmission: A Narrative Review

2020

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Objective Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to affect adults and pediatric patients differently. While neonates are a special population, little is known about the neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes in COVID-19 positive neonates and incidence of vertical transmission of the virus by reviewing available literature. Study Design This study is a narrative review of available literature on “COVID-19 in neonates,” for which PubMed and Google Scholar were used to search the published articles. Results We summarized the data from 39 published studies that are comprised of 326 COVID-19 positive peripartum mothers with respective neonatal outcomes. Twenty-three neonates have been reported to be COVID-19 positive. Male neonates were affected significantly more (79%) than female neonates. Approximately 3% neonates acquired infection through suspected vertical transmission. Strict infection prevention measures during the perinatal time can significantly reduce the chance of horizontal transmission of the virus. Overall, neonates were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic regardless of gestational age at birth and required only supportive measures. There was 0% mortality in COVID-19 positive neonates. Conclusion From available published data to date, we can conclude that the prognosis of COVID-19 positive neonates is good with no mortality. There appears to be minimal vertical transmission of the infection. Key Points

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Outcomes in COVID-19 Positive Neonates and Possibility of Viral Vertical Transmission: A Narrative Review

2020

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“…Few reports have been published on the clinical presentation of pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 [1][2][4][5][6][7]. Recommendations for treatment of children with COVID-19 are largely extrapolated from adult studies [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Characteristics in the United States from a Large Global Health Research Network

Desai¹,

Mills

DeLozier

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Background Few reports have been published on the clinical presentation of pediatric patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aim to shed more light on the clinical presentation of pediatric patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and also potential risk factors for more severe clinical case presentation. Methods We used a large global health research network to gather clinical data extracted from the electronic medical records of pediatric patients aged < 18 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 from January 1, 2020 to May 7, 2020. Clinical symptoms at presentation, hospitalization status, associated co-morbidities, and treatments received were reviewed. Results A total of 627 patients with COVID-19 diagnosis (334 were outpatient, 293 were inpatient) were included from a total of 20 organizations across the United States. The mean age of patients was seven years, 48% were females. Inpatients were younger than outpatients (mean age of 5.6 years vs 8.2 years, p<0.001). Sixty-one percent of patients in the inpatient group were < 5 years of age vs. 44% in the outpatient group. Amongst 293 inpatients, 90% (n=265) were non-severe and 10% (n=28) were classified as severe. The percentage of patients <5 years was higher in severe inpatients vs. non-severe (71% vs 60%.) Significantly more patients with a severe illness vs. non-severe illness had a history of co-morbidity including non-congenital heart disease (50% vs 11%, p<0.001) and disease of the respiratory system (86% vs 53%, p< 0.001). Conclusion Clinicians should closely monitor young children with underlying conditions and COVID-19, as they may be more likely to be hospitalized and have a higher severity of the disease.

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“…The severity of the illness appears to be milder in the paediatric population than reported in adults [8][9][10]. Of those children infected, the illness was asymptomatic, mild or moderate in over 90% of cases.…”

Section: Severity Of Illnessmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to infect children, although current literature suggests both that paediatric patients make up only a small percentage of the total number of documented cases and that the disease process tends to be less severe than reported in the adult population [8].…”

Section: Impact Of Sars-cov-2 Infection In Paediatric Populationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

CSANZ Position Statement on COVID-19 From the Paediatric and Congenital Council✰

Ayer

Anderson²,

Gentles

et al. 2020

Heart, Lung and Circulation

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At the time of writing (25 May 2020), there have been nearly 4.4 million infections and 300,000 deaths worldwide related to COVID-19, an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Australia (currently 6,900 infections and 98 deaths) and New Zealand (1,500 infections and 21 deaths) have thus far been less affected than other regions. Risk factors for more severe disease include older age and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. The purposes of this document from the Paediatric and Congenital Council of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) are to: 1) To review the mechanisms for cardiac involvement in COVID-19, specifically as they may impact patients with childhood and adult congenital heart disease (CHD); 2) To review the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the paediatric population; 3) To review available data on the risks related to COVID-19 for childhood heart disease and adult CHD; 4) To provide guidance for childhood heart disease and adult CHD units in our Australasian region to re-organise services during the pandemic, so as to protect a highly specialised workforce and yet continue to provide an essential service; and 5) To review risk reduction strategies for acquiring COVID-19 for patients with childhood heart disease or adult CHD. Eleven (11) recommendations relevant to the care of children with heart disease and adults with CHD to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 are highlighted through the document. Keywords COVID-19 Childhood heart disease Adult congenital heart disease Pandemic response COVID-19 predominantly affects the lungs causing an interstitial pneumonitis and acute respiratory distress

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Pediatric Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Review of Available Published Literature

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Outcomes in COVID-19 Positive Neonates and Possibility of Viral Vertical Transmission: A Narrative Review

Outcomes in COVID-19 Positive Neonates and Possibility of Viral Vertical Transmission: A Narrative Review

Pediatric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Characteristics in the United States from a Large Global Health Research Network

CSANZ Position Statement on COVID-19 From the Paediatric and Congenital Council✰

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