Pediatric Cranial Ultrasound: Techniques, Variants and Pitfalls

Fickenscher, Kristin; Bailey, Zachary; Saettele, Megan R.; Dahl, Amy; Lowe, Lisa H.

doi:10.5772/24712

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Periventricular leukomalacia (Fig 5B) should be considered when cyst formation is located above the angles, and subependymal cysts ( Fig 5C) should be considered when it is located below the angles and at the caudothalamic groove. 11,39,40 Asymmetric Size and Morphology Size asymmetry between the lateral ventricles ( Fig 6) occurs in 5%-12% of healthy individuals. 41 In healthy patients, some studies have found that either the right or left lateral ventricle was consistently larger than the other, 26,[42][43][44][45][46][47] while other studies have reported no significant difference in size between the two.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lateral Ventricles: A Detailed Review of Anatomy, Development, and Anatomic Variations

Scelsi

Rahim

Morris

et al. 2020

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cerebral ventricles have been studied since the fourth century BC and were originally thought to harbor the soul and higher executive functions. During the infancy of neuroradiology, alterations to the ventricular shape and position on pneumoencephalography and ventriculography were signs of mass effect or volume loss. However, in the current era of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging, variation in ventricular anatomy is more easily detectable and its clinical significance is still being investigated. Interpreting radiologists must be aware of anatomic variations of the ventricular system to prevent mistaking normal variants for pathology. We will review of the anatomy and development of the lateral ventricles and discuss several ventricular variations.

show abstract

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lateral Ventricles: A Detailed Review of Anatomy, Development, and Anatomic Variations

Scelsi

Rahim

Morris

et al. 2020

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Technical advances in ultrasound examination have made this a highly sensitive means to detect and guide treatment for pediatric cranial pathologies [15]. .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cranial ultrasound for diagnosis of intracranial abnormalities in newborns

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: To evaluate the role of cranial ultrasound in neonates and infants in diagnosis of various intracranial abnormalities. Method: A real time cranial ultrasound was performed on 98 neonates and 33 infants of 1 month to 1 year of age group including the all preterms and symptomatic term neonates and infants during the study period. Result: Sonography results in symptomatic premature neonates showed Germinal Matrix haemorrhage in 67.56%, hydrocephalus in 37.83% and peri-ventricular leukomalacia in 24.31%, while in asymptomatic premature newborn, sonography showed germinal matrix haemorrhage/hydrocephalus in 27.5% and normal scan in rest of them. In symptomatic full term neonates, sonography showed hydrocephalus in 76.19%, germinal matrix hemorrhage in 19.04%, cystic encephalomalacia in 14.28%, porencephaly in 9.52%, hydrancephaly in 4.76% and normal scan in 14.28%. Sonographic scan in symptomatic infants of more than 1 month of age showed-echogenic sulci in 39.39% cases, hydrocephalus in 33.33%, cerebritis in 15.15%, cerebral abscess in 6.06%, mass lesions in 3.03% and normal scan in 24.24% cases. Conclusion: Because of being safe, nonionising and easily available, cranial ultrasound can be used as a primary imaging modality to detect intracerebral lesions in neonates and infants.

show abstract

“…26,39 Twenty to 40% of infants may exhibit asymmetrical ventricular size. 27,28 A mega cisterna magna (that measures greater than 8 mm in either sagittal or axial planes) is present in approximately 1% of infant brains and is a benign finding of no clinical significance. 29 Rarely, on brain sonography of preterm infants, a hyperechoic focus is seen between the ridges of the interhemispheric region that mimics intracerebral hemorrhage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal cranial ultrasound: current perspectives

Franco¹,

Lewis²

2013

RMI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultrasound is the most common imaging tool used in the neonatal intensive care unit. It is portable, readily available, and can be used at bedside. It is the least expensive cross sectional imaging modality and the safest imaging device used in the pediatric population due to its lack of ionizing radiation. There are well established indications for cranial ultrasound in many neonatal patient groups including preterm infants and term infants with birth asphyxia, seizures, congenital infections, etc. Cranial ultrasound is performed with basic grayscale imaging, using a linear array or sector transducer via the anterior fontanel in the coronal and sagittal planes. Additional images can be obtained through the posterior fontanel in preterm newborns. The mastoid fontanel can be used for assessment of the posterior fossa. Doppler images may be obtained for screening of the vascular structures. The normal sonographic neonatal cranial anatomy and normal variants are discussed. The most common pathological findings in preterm newborns, such as germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia, are described as well as congenital abnormalities such as holoprosencephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum. New advances in sonographic equipment enable highresolution and three-dimensional images, which facilitate obtaining very accurate measurements of various anatomic structures such as the ventricles, the corpus callosum, and the cerebellar vermis. Limited studies have been performed to predict that longitudinal measurements of these anatomic structures might predict the clinical outcome of high-risk preterm newborns. Hemodynamic Doppler studies may offer the potential for early intervention and treatment to counter the hazards of developmental delay and a moribund clinical outcome.

show abstract

Pediatric Cranial Ultrasound: Techniques, Variants and Pitfalls

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

The Lateral Ventricles: A Detailed Review of Anatomy, Development, and Anatomic Variations

The Lateral Ventricles: A Detailed Review of Anatomy, Development, and Anatomic Variations

Role of cranial ultrasound for diagnosis of intracranial abnormalities in newborns

Neonatal cranial ultrasound: current perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About