Pediatric Facial Fractures

Grunwaldt, Lorelei; Smith, Darren M.; Zuckerbraun, Noel S.; Naran, Sanjay; Rottgers, S. Alex; Bykowski, Michael R.; Kinsella, Christopher R.; Cray, James J.; Vecchione, Lisa; Saladino, Richard A.; Losee, Joseph E.

doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e318230c8cf

Cited by 128 publications

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“…The mean age of our study population was 13.0 years, which is consistent with the findings of several other studies [ 10 , 11 ]. Similar to previous reports, our study showed a higher incidence of fractures in the 13 to 18 age group (68%) than in the 0 to 6 age group (10%) [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Patients aged >13 years had developed more adult-like lifestyles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Similar to previous reports, our study showed a higher incidence of fractures in the 13 to 18 age group (68%) than in the 0 to 6 age group (10%) [2,4,5]. Patients aged >13 years had developed more adult-like lifestyles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…As compared to adults, fractures of the facial skeleton are rare in the pediatric age group. Retrospective studies of maxillofacial trauma, involving both adults and children, have demonstrated that less than 15% of such fractures occurs in those younger than 16 years of age and less than 1% of all facial fractures occurs in children younger than 5 years of age [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of 809 Facial Bone Fractures in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population

2012

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BackgroundFacial fractures are infrequent in children and adolescents and have different clinical features from those in adults. The low incidence in children and adolescents reflects the flexibility and underdevelopment of their facial skeletons, as well as their more protected environments. Only a few reports have reviewed such patients in Korea. The authors performed a retrospective study to analyze the characteristics of facial fractures in the Korean pediatric population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review on a series of 741 patients, aged <18 years, with facial fractures who had been treated at our hospital between 2006 and 2010. The following parameters were evaluated: age, sex, cause, location and type of fractures, associated injuries, treatment and complications.ResultsA total of 741 consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria. The ratio of boys to girls was 5.7:1. Facial fractures most commonly occurred in patients between 13 and 15 years of age (36.3%). The most common causes of injury was violence. The nasal fracture was the most common type of fracture (69%) and the blowout fracture was the second most common (20%). Associated injuries occurred in 156 patients (21%).ConclusionsThe incidence of pediatric facial fractures caused by violence is high in Korea. Our results show that as age increases, etiological factors and fracture patterns gradually shift towards those found in adults. This study provides an overview of facial fractures in these age groups that helps illustrate the trends and characteristics of the fractures and may be helpful in further evaluation and management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of 809 Facial Bone Fractures in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population

2012

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“…Traumatic involvement of the frontal bone and superior orbital rim are more common in children, especially under age 5, due to the increased cranial vault to facial skeleton ratio. 78 , 79 The vast majority of these fractures are treated with observation only. 80 One possible issue that can arise is the “growing skull fracture”, which is when the fracture site enlarges as the child grows.…”

Section: Pediatric Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of orbital fractures: challenges and solutions

Boyette¹,

Pemberton²,

Bonilla-Vélez³

2015

OPTH

148

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Many specialists encounter and treat orbital fractures. The management of these fractures is often challenging due to the impact that they can have on vision. Acute treatment involves a thorough clinical examination and management of concomitant ocular injuries. The clinical and radiographic findings for each individual patient must then be analyzed for the need for surgical intervention. Deformity and vision impairment can occur from these injuries, and while surgery is intended to prevent these problems, it can also create them. Therefore, surgical approach and implant selection should be carefully considered. Accurate anatomic reconstruction requires complete assessment of fracture margins and proper implant contouring and positioning. The implementation of new technologies for implant shaping and intraoperative assessment of reconstruction will hopefully lead to improved patient outcomes.

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“…Previous studies emphasized either small case series, reviewing pediatric orbital fractures, 9 , 10 or larger case series, focusing on facial fractures in general, where little information was collected about orbital injuries. 11 , 12 In addition, there have been limited studies correlating growth features of different age groups, and fracture classification with pre- and postoperative diplopia in pediatric populations. The objective of this study was therefore to provide an overview of the demographics of this group of patients, and to describe patient characteristics in relation to the outcomes of diplopia at different age groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diplopia of Pediatric Orbital Blowout Fractures

Shen

Lin

et al. 2015

Medicine

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Orbital blowout fractures are relatively rare in patients under 18 years of age, but may lead to serious complications. We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate diplopia, clinical characteristics, and postoperative results in cases of orbital blowout fractures in the pediatric population.Eighty-three patients, all less than 18 years old, with orbital blowout fractures, were divided into 3 groups by age: 0 to 6 years old, 7 to 12 years old, and 13 to 18 years old. The cause of injury, fracture locations, diplopia grades, ocular motility restrictions, enophthalmos, and postoperative results were reviewed from their records. Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact analyses, analyses of variance, and logistic regressions were performed to determine characteristics associated with diplopia, and to identify factors related to residual diplopia in pediatric patients.The most common causes of injuries were traffic accidents in the 0 to 6 years old group, normal daily activities in the 7 to 12 years old group, and assaults in the 13 to 18 years old group. Floor fractures were the most common location in both the 0 to 6- and 7 to 12 years old groups, and medial-floor fractures were the most common location in the 13 to 18 years old group. The occurrence of preoperative diplopia was related to ocular motility restriction and enophthalmos, but not with the age group, the gender, the cause of injury, or the fracture locations. The time interval from injury to surgery was significant in the outcome of postoperative diplopia (P < 0.01). A statistical difference was also found in the recovery time from diplopia among the 3 age groups (P < 0.01).The characteristics of orbital blowout fracture varied among the different age groups. It was related to 2 factors, the cause of injury and fracture locations, which probably resulted from structural growth changes and differences in daily habits. Children had a slower recovery from orbital fractures, and the younger the patient, the longer it took for recovery from diplopia after surgery.

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Pediatric Facial Fractures

Abstract: Pediatric facial fractures may be associated with severe concomitant injuries. Injury patterns are significantly correlated with socioeconomic metrics.

Cited by 128 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of 809 Facial Bone Fractures in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population

Analysis of 809 Facial Bone Fractures in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population

Management of orbital fractures: challenges and solutions

Diplopia of Pediatric Orbital Blowout Fractures

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