Pediatric follicular lymphoma of the parotid gland

Choi, Jung Shin; Choi, Hyuk Joon; Yim, Kwangil; Kwon, Ho; Jung, Sung No

doi:10.7181/acfs.2018.02075

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…PTFL in the parotid gland area of children is rare. Jangyoun et al reported one case of PTFL occurring in the left parotid gland region (9), which had similar clinical characteristics to Case 2 in our study. PTFL is a localized disease, often without systemic symptoms; most cases are diagnosed at stage I or II, which can be treated by simple surgical resection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Case report: Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma

et al. 2023

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Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) is a rare pediatric-type indolent B-cell lymphoma that clinicopathologically differs from adult lymphoma. Accurate diagnosis of PTFL, which is often challenging, is essential to avoid missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and overtreatment. To improve our understanding of PTFL, clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis, and molecular mutation characteristics of four patients of PTFL were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). A relevant literature review was also performed. All four PTFL patients were male, with ages of 6, 18, 13, and 15 years, and had St. Jude stage I or III. Microscopic results showed that the structure of the lymph nodes was destroyed; the tumor follicles were enlarged and irregular; medium–large blastoid cells with a consistent shape were visible in tumor follicles, and the nucleus was round or oval; and the “starry sky” pattern was easily observed. Tumor cells expressed CD20, PAX-5, BCL6, and CD10. None of the tumor cells expressed BCL2, CD3, CD5, MUM1, and CyclinD1. CD21 showed dilated growth of a follicular dendritic cell network in tumor follicles. EBER genes were negative in all cases. FISH testing also showed negative BCL2 gene breaks and IRF4 gene breaks in all cases. NGS detected 12 related mutant genes, including KMT2D, CD79B, GNA13, MYD88, PCLO, TCF3, IRF8, MAP2K1, FOXO1, POLE, INPP5D, and FAT4. Two of the four patients had an IRF8 gene mutation, and one patient had a dual mutation of the MAP2K1 gene. Our study revealed the unique clinicopathological features and molecular mutational characteristics of PTFL, consolidated our understanding of PTFL, and identified other rare mutant genes, which may further contribute to the study of the molecular mechanism and differential diagnosis of PTFL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The tonsil often occurs outside the node. PTFL can also arise in the liver, spleen, mediastinum, parotid gland, and other parts ( 8 , 9 ). Our patients presented with enlargement of the right cervical lymph node, left parotid gland mass, and left ear mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma

et al. 2023

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“…PTFL in the parotid gland area of children is rare. Jangyoun et al reported one case of PTFL occurring in left parotid gland region, 8 which was basically the same as the clinical characteristics of the patients in Case Two in this group. PTFL is almost a localized disease, usually without systemic symptoms, most of them are stage I or II, which can be treated by simple surgical resection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The tonsil is often involved outside the node, and PTFL can also arise in the liver, spleen, mediastinum, parotid gland and other parts. 7,8 The patients in this group presented with right cervical lymph node enlargement, left parotid gland mass and left ear mass. PTFL in the parotid gland area of children is rare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of pediatric type follicular lymphoma

Ren

Chen

Bai

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Pediatric follicular lymphoma (PTFL) is one of the rare pediatric-type indolent B-cell lymphomas that clinicopathologically differs from adult lymphoma. Accurate diagnosis of PTFL is essential to avoid leak-diagnosis, misdiagnosis and overtreatment, but it is often challenging. To improve the understanding of PTFL, we collected four cases of PTFL, and analyzed the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis and molecular mutation characteristics of PTFL by hematoxylin‑eosin stain, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The relevant literature review was also performed. Four PTFL patients were all male, aged 6, 18, 13 and 15 years, and St. Jude were staged III. and I.. Microscopic results showed that the lymph node structure was destroyed; the tumor follicles were enlarged and irregular; medium-large blast-like cells with a consistent shape were visible in tumor follicles, and the nucleus was round or oval; the “starry sky” phenomenon was easy to discover. Tumor cells expressed CD20, PAX-5, Bcl-6, CD10. None of the tumor cells expressed Bcl-2, CD3, CD5, MUM-1, and CyclinD1. CD21 showed dilated growth of follicular dendritic cell (FDC) mesh in tumor follicles. EBER were all negative. FISH testing also showed negative Bcl-2 gene breaks in four cases. A total of 12 related mutant genes including KMT2D, CD79B, GNA13, MYD88, PCLO, TCF3, IRF8, MAP2K1, FOXO1, POLE, INPP5D and FAT4 were detected by NGS. Two of the four cases had IRF8 gene mutation, and one case detected a dual mutation of the MAP2K1 gene. Our data reviewed the unique clinicopathological features and molecular mutational characteristics of PTFL, consolidated the understanding of PTFL, and identified other rare mutant genes, which may further contribute to the study of the molecular mechanism and differential diagnosis of PTFL.

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“…Although NHL is the second most common neoplasm in the head and neck region, primary parotid NHL accounts for only 1% to 4% of all parotid tumors [ 4 ]. The three most common subtypes of primary parotid NHL are extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, all of which originate from B lymphocytes [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the parotid gland: a case report

Ryoo

Lim

Kim

2022

Arch Craniofac Surg

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Most malignant lymphomas of the head and neck region are non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common subtype. The prevalence of malignant lymphoma among parotid tumors is low, approximately 1% to 4%. The most common symptom of parotid lymphoma is a unilateral, non-tender, firm mass that slowly grows in size over time. As its clinical manifestations are non-specific, a comprehensive assessment is required for an accurate diagnosis. The initial work-up includes imaging tools, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, NHL of the parotid gland is difficult to distinguish from other types of benign tumors prior to biopsy; histopathological evaluation and subsequent immunohistochemical staining are needed for the final diagnosis. Once a definitive diagnosis is established, patients should be referred to an oncologist for staging. Treatment is mainly based on systemic chemotherapy, whereas radiotherapy is indicated for certain cases. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old man who presented with a progressively enlarging mass in the right parotid area, which was later diagnosed as malignant lymphoma of the parotid gland after superficial parotidectomy.

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Pediatric follicular lymphoma of the parotid gland

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Case report: Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma

Case report: Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma

Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of pediatric type follicular lymphoma

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the parotid gland: a case report

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