Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Zalzal, George H.; Tran, LenhAnh P.

doi:10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70212-7

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…6 Secondary GERD results from other related causes, such as neurologic anomalies, hiatal hernia, or tracheoesophageal atresia. 7 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY I n order to gain a complete appreciation for GERD, a basic understanding of the normal anatomy and physiology of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is vital. Food or saliva travels from the mouth to the pharynx, through the muscular conducting tube, the esophagus, to the stomach.…”

Section: Discerning Physiologic Reflux From Pathologic Gerdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discerning Differences

Henry

2004

Advances in Neonatal Care

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Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a frequently encountered problem in infancy; it commonly resolves spontaneously by 12 months of age. Caregivers are challenged to discriminate between physiologic GER and the much less common and more serious condition of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Pathologic GERD may require more extensive clinical evaluation and necessitate treatment. GERD may be primary or secondary; secondary GERD is associated with a number of genetic syndromes, chromosomal abnormalities, birth defects, or a host of neurologic conditions frequently seen in the newborn intensive care unit. This article reviews the unique anatomic, physiologic, developmental, and nutritional vulnerabilities of infants that make them susceptible to GER and GERD. The North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition have recently developed a comprehensive evidence-based clinical practice guideline that structures the diagnostic approach and treatment option in infants with suspected and confirmed GERD. These guidelines provide clear definitions of GER and GERD to aid the clinician in distinguishing between the 2 conditions. They emphasize the use of history and physical examination and discuss the indications for the use of other diagnostic procedures, such as upper gastrointestinal studies, nuclear medicine scintiscan, esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy, and esophageal pH probe monitoring. Management of GERD begins with a nonpharmacologic approach; the emphasis is on positioning, a trial of a hypoallergenic formula, and thickening of feedings. When these measures fail to control symptoms, a trial of either histamine(2) antagonists or a proton pump inhibitor may be indicated. Finally, surgical treatment may be needed if all other management measures fail. New sleep recommendations for infants with GERD are now consistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics' standard recommendations. Prone sleep positioning is only considered in unusual cases, where the risk of death and complications from GERD outweighs the potential increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The nursing care of infants with GER and GERD, as well as relevant issues for parent education and support, are reviewed and are essential elements in managing this common condition.

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Section: Discerning Physiologic Reflux From Pathologic Gerdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discerning Differences

Henry

2004

Advances in Neonatal Care

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“…15,17,18 Any episode of laryngopharyngeal reflux in adults is believed to be pathologic, [19][20][21][22] and few if any episodes of laryngopharyngeal reflux should be considered normal in children. [23][24][25] Laryngopharyngeal reflux has been proposed to play a key role-at least as significant as gastroesophageal reflux-in several pediatric upper airway symptoms including subglottic stenosis and acute life-threatening respiratory events. However, studies linking reflux and upper respiratory symptoms in children are heterogeneous, representing a wide range of research designs, sample sizes, definitions of reflux, and treatment protocols.…”

Section: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neckmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraesophageal Reflux in Pediatric Patients With Upper Respiratory Symptoms

Rosbe

Kenna

Auerbach

2003

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Evidence seems to support the hypothesis that reflux is associated with upper airway symptoms in children. However, the strength of this correlation and the risk of upper airway symptoms attributable to reflux are difficult to determine given the limitations of available literature. Future research studies should seek standard reflux testing methods, clear comparison groups, and more rigorous statistical methods.

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“…Dass eine GERD ursächlich für die Entstehung eines chronischen Hustens bei Kindern sein kann, gilt heute als gesichert [1]. Weniger anerkannt und zum Teil heftig diskutiert sind die zahlreichen möglichen extraösophagealen Refluxmanifestationen bei Kindern (▶Tab.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Laryngopharyngeale Refluxerkrankung (LPRD) bei Kindern

Reichel¹,

Saravakos²,

Lorenz³

2017

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol

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LPRD in children is characterized by symptoms, clinical findings, and sequelae caused by the reflux of gastric acid, bile acid or refluxate containing pepsin beyond the esophagus. For diagnostic procedures and therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children and adults widely accepted guidelines have been established. However, diagnosis and therapy of LPRD in children remains a continuous issue of inter- and intradisciplinary discussions. Although both GERD and LPRD in children are reflux-induced diseases, these two entities are different in symptoms, cause, diagnostic procedures, and therapy. Thus, the terms GERD and LPRD are not eligible to be used as synonyms.Otorhinolaryngologists are becoming more and more involved in the management of children with suspicious LPRD. With flexible transnasal laryngopharyngoscopy being one of the most important diagnostic tools for LPRD detection, otorhinolaryngologists play an important role in the interdisciplinary diagnostic network of physicians treating children with suspected LPRD. The present article highlights age-dependent clinical symptoms, diagnostic tools, differential diagnoses, and adequate therapy for pediatric LPRD.

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Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Discerning Differences

Discerning Differences

Extraesophageal Reflux in Pediatric Patients With Upper Respiratory Symptoms

Laryngopharyngeale Refluxerkrankung (LPRD) bei Kindern

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