Pediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the trachea: Imaging spectrum and review of literature

Abstract

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the airway is a very uncommon benign primary neoplasm in pediatric age group with increased local recurrence rate and potential metastatic spread. We describe a case of a 6-year boy who was brought to the pediatric emergency with severe respiratory distress, dry cough, and stridor. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck showed a polypoidal mass lesion in the right anterolateral trachea causing significant airway narrowing. Bronchoscopic findings correlated with the imaging. The lesion was confirmed at surgery and was completely removed by surgical excision. Histopathology revealed an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. MRI findings of this entity in a child have not been reported before.

Flexible bronchoscope for the treatment of intratracheal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in children: a case report and literature review

“…Bronchoscopy and transbronchoscopic biopsy are necessary for the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of airway obstructive injury (25)(26). Studies have found that the diagnosis of IMT is mainly determined by histopathology and immunohistochemical examination through biopsy (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The pathological manifestations of IMT are as follows: [1] A large number of proliferating spindle cells are arranged in bundles; [2] The nuclei may be slightly heteromorphic, with mitotic images occasionally seen; [3] Lack of pathological mitosis and coagulation necrosis; [4] A mixture of spindle cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils existed (2,27).…”