Pediatric Lichen Sclerosus: A Review of the Epidemiology and Treatment Options

Tong, Xiaoping; Sun, Grace; Teng, Joyce

doi:10.1111/pde.12615

Cited by 42 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Medical treatment can be considered as additional to circumcision and used postoperatively to prevent or reduce complications. In a pediatric age, a study of 36 girl patients affected by LS and treated with high corticosteroid doses showed that 75% of patients had full remission after treatment and only 25% a partial response to treatment, while a study of 40 male children affected by LS showed clinical improvement in 40% [ 6 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Regenerative Effects of Topical Treatment with Ozonated Olive Oil/Vitamin E Acetate in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans

et al. 2018

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Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, considered the male genital variant of lichen sclerosus. Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used in BXO. We evaluated the effects of an innovative formulation of ozonated olive oil with vitamin E acetate (OZOILE®) on the inflammatory status and tissue remodeling in male children with BXO. The mRNA transcripts of proteins involved either in inflammation or in dynamics of tissue regeneration were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, in foreskins affected by BXO removed from patients untreated or treated with OZOILE® cream for 7 days before circumcision. We found a significant reduction in mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, INF–γ, transglutaminase 2 and NOS2 in foreskins treated with OZOILE® in comparison to untreated ones (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in NF-κB activation in the specimens obtained from treated and untreated patients. Hence, OZOILE® treatment up-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and E-cadherin gene expression (p < 0.001). The treatment with OZOILE® showed effective results in children affected by BXO by reducing the inflammatory process and stimulating mechanisms for tissue regeneration of the foreskin. A randomized clinical trial on a large number of children affected by BXO might be useful to verify the efficacy of topical treatment with OZOILE®.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circumcision is the treatment of choice, but topical use of several drugs has been used before or after surgical treatment [ 6 ]. The British Association of Dermatologists guideline recommends the treatment of patients affected by BXO with a highly potent corticosteroid [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Regenerative Effects of Topical Treatment with Ozonated Olive Oil/Vitamin E Acetate in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans

et al. 2018

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“…Lichen sclerosus (LS) (synonym: Lichen sclerosus et atriphicans ) is not as common in childhood when compared with adults; however 7%‐15% of cases are believed to occur in children …”

Section: Autoimmune and Diseases Of Unknown Causementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential diagnoses of diaper dermatitis

Fölster‐Holst

2018

Pediatric Dermatology

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Diaper dermatitis is the most common contact eczema present in early childhood.The main cause is an irritant reaction to urine and feces, which is facilitated by the occlusive conditions under the diaper, leading to hyperhydration of the stratum corneum (diaper dermatitis). In addition, diaper pressure and friction can increase the risk of skin inflammation, which also opens the skin up to other irritant agents, allergens, and infectious agents, such as candida albicans. However, a variety of diseases are associated with inflammation of the skin in the diaper region, therefore the term "diaper dermatitis" is merely descriptive and does not reflect anything about the etiopathogenesis. The term diaper dermatitis refers only to an inflammation in the diapering area and should not be automatically equated with reactions to diapers.Making the correct diagnosis requires a thorough examination of the skin in its entirety and a detailed report of the patient's medical and family history. Once a specific pattern is identified, a precise diagnosis, and an appropriate therapy, can be determined. K E Y W O R D S autoimmune diseases, diagnoses, diaper dermatitis, diaper rash, eczematous diseases, infectious diseases, napkin dermatitis, napkin dermatitis, neoplasia, nutritional diseases, psoriasis

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“…22 In the diaper area, pruritus (itchiness) is the most common complaint, while perianal lesions may cause painful defecation and constipation. Although there may be an increased risk of leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma in adults, this is not the case in children.…”

Section: Additional Types Of Inflammatory Dermatosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there may be an increased risk of leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma in adults, this is not the case in children. 22 Symptoms of Crohn's disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease that is rare among infants, can manifest in the diaper area. Perianal fissuring (painful tear or crack) and ulcerations (open sores of the skin) as well as persistent papules, nodules, plaques, and woody induration (becoming firm or tense) of the vulvar and scrotal skin should trigger an evaluation for Crohn's disease, particularly in the distal colon.…”

Section: Additional Types Of Inflammatory Dermatosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Diagnosis of Diaper Dermatitis

Cohen

2017

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Mild diaper dermatitis often occurs in children before toilet training is complete, particularly from 9 to 12 months of age, and the most common presentation is an irritant contact dermatitis. Diaper dermatitis may account for up to 25% of dermatology visits to health care providers during the first year of life. Fortunately, since the introduction of hypoallergenic, superabsorbent modern disposable diapers, the incidence and severity of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis has decreased dramatically. Diaper dermatitis broadly refers to skin disorders that occur in the diaper area, such as skin eruptions triggered by diapers, rashes exacerbated by the diaper, and other events that occur in the diaper area. A number of skin conditions that can occur anywhere on the skin may present with distinctive findings in the diaper area. The following discussion will review the most common triggers of diaper dermatitis and contact irritant dermatitis, while focusing on the skin conditions that may be associated or overlap clinically with contact dermatitis. Keywords dermatitis, diaper dermatitis, diaper rash, erythema, skin disease, contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, infected contact dermatitis, bullous dermatoses, diaper candidiasis, newborn skin care, diapers, methylisothiazolinone, pediatrics

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Pediatric Lichen Sclerosus: A Review of the Epidemiology and Treatment Options

Cited by 42 publications

References 63 publications

Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Regenerative Effects of Topical Treatment with Ozonated Olive Oil/Vitamin E Acetate in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans

Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Regenerative Effects of Topical Treatment with Ozonated Olive Oil/Vitamin E Acetate in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans

Differential diagnoses of diaper dermatitis

Differential Diagnosis of Diaper Dermatitis

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