Pediatric Pedestrian Trauma Study: A Pilot Project

Hotz, Gillian; Cohn, Stephen M.; Nelson, Jacob; Mishkin, David; Castelblanco, Andrea; Li, Pamela; Duncan, Robert C.

doi:10.1080/15389580490435097

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Valid data were not collected partly because the sample of walkers was small and the quality of the recorded videos was poor. 53,54 Similar to other investigators, we found education to be an effective strategy for teaching injury prevention. 55 In the pilot study, we were able to begin to demonstrate that the educational street-crossing lessons that children learned in school could be translated into correct street-crossing behavior shortly after implementation of the program.…”

Section: The Walksafe Programsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…55 In the pilot study, we were able to begin to demonstrate that the educational street-crossing lessons that children learned in school could be translated into correct street-crossing behavior shortly after implementation of the program. 53,54 This study has now been expanded and revised and the behavioral component will be investigated again this year by also identifying the grade of the child. The WalkSafe program has been successful in significantly lowering the number of childhood pedestrian injuries (Table 4).…”

Section: The Walksafe Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventing Pediatric Pedestrian Injuries

Hotz

Kennedy

Lutfi

et al. 2009

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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Pedestrian-related crashes cause an estimated 1.2 million deaths and 50 million injuries worldwide. There were 32,590 nonfatal injuries reported among children 0 to 14 years of age in the United States in 2006. The incidence of pedestrian injuries seems to be decreasing due to improvements in trauma care and a nationwide decline in walking. This article is a special communication and overview of selected literature regarding efforts to decrease the frequency of pediatric pedestrian trauma. WalkSafe an elementary school-based pedestrian injury prevention program will be discussed as an example of a program that has been able to demonstrate a decrease in injuries in children.

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Section: The Walksafe Programsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: The Walksafe Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Pediatric Pedestrian Injuries

Hotz

Kennedy

Lutfi

et al. 2009

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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show abstract

“…As demonstrated in our pilot program (Phase III), child education programs are the most effective approach to prevention (Hotz et al, 2004;Schleber & Vegega, 2001). There is a wide acceptance of the value and necessity of teaching pedestrian safety skills by using knowledge-based approaches and practical training exercises in a real traffic environment (Zeedyk et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A school-based educational injury prevention program, the WalkSafe program (Hotz et al, 2004), was implemented targeting students from kindergarten through grade five (standardized for each grade level). This comprehensive, pedestrian safety program originated from a pilot study for pediatric pedestrian trauma (PPT).…”

Section: Educational Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WalkSafe: A School-Based Pedestrian Safety Intervention Program

Hotz

Cohn

Castelblanco

et al. 2004

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the WalkSafe program, an elementary school-based pedestrian safety program in a single high-risk district in Miami-Dade County.Methods: Sixteen elementary schools were identified in a single high-risk district and enrolled in a one-year study. All schools implemented the WalkSafe program on the last week of January 2003. A pre, post, and three-month post testing of pedestrian safety knowledge was conducted. An observational component was also implemented at four schools that were randomly chosen. Engineering recommendations and law enforcement initiatives were also performed.Results: A total of 6467 children from K-5th grade from 16 elementary schools participated in the program. Of these 5762 tests were collected over three different testing times. A significant difference (p-value < 0.001) was found between the pre and post testing conditions across all grade levels. There was no significant difference found between the post and three-month post testing conditions across all grade levels (p-value > 0.05). The observational data collected at four schools across the different testing times demonstrated a significant difference found between pre and post testing conditions for Group A (stop at the curb and look left, right, left) and also for Group B (midstreet crossing and darting out) (p-value < 0.05). There was no difference found between comparing the pre-test or post-test condition with the three-month post-test time. There were many environmental modifications that were recommended and actually performed.Conclusion: The WalkSafe program implemented in a single high-risk district was shown to improve the pedestrian safety knowledge of elementary school children. The observational data demonstrated improved crossing behaviors from pre-test to post-testing conditions. Future research will focus on sustaining the program in this district and expanding the program throughout our county.Each year in the United States approximately 25,000 children 0-15 years of age are struck by motor vehicles. This accounts for 22% of total injury by this population (NCSA, 2000). According to the U.S Department of Transportation for 2000, the age groups with the highest percentages of pedestrian injury are the elderly population older than 59 years (10%) and the children less than 16 years (30%); this accounts for 24,000 pedestrians injured. The 5-9 age group accounted for 50% of the total children pedestrians injured in this population and 30% of the fatalities. Most school-age pedestrians are killed in the afternoon rather than the morning, with 42% of the fatalities occurring in crashes

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Child pedestrian anthropometry: evaluation of potential impact points during a crash

Serre¹,

Lalys²,

Bartoli³

et al. 2010

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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This paper highlights the potential impact points of a child pedestrian during a crash with the front end of a vehicle. Child anthropometry was defined for ages between 3 and 15 years. It was based on the measurement of seven different segment body heights (knee, femur, pelvis, shoulder, neck, chin, vertex) performed on about 2,000 French children. For each dimension, the 5(th), 50(th) and 95(th) percentile values were reported, and the corresponding linear regression lines were given. Then these heights were confronted with three different vehicle shapes, corresponding to a passenger car, a sport utility vehicle and a light truck, to identify impact points. In particular, we show that the thigh is directly hit by the bumper for children above 12 years of age, whereas the head principally impacts the hood. The influence of child anthropometry on the pedestrian trajectory and the comparison with test procedures in regulation are discussed.

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Pediatric Pedestrian Trauma Study: A Pilot Project

Abstract: The WalkSafe program was shown to improve the pedestrian safety knowledge of elementary school children. Future research will include implementing the WalkSafe program at each elementary school within a single high-risk district.

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Preventing Pediatric Pedestrian Injuries

Preventing Pediatric Pedestrian Injuries

WalkSafe: A School-Based Pedestrian Safety Intervention Program

Child pedestrian anthropometry: evaluation of potential impact points during a crash

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