Pediatric Poisonings Associated With Ingestion of Marijuana Products

Hammig, Bart; Jones, C. S.; Haldeman, Sydney

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.12.025

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The increase of positive fentanyl tests may be associated with the increase of fentanyl use and availability in the US . The increase in cannabis ingestions is likely multifactorial and may include legalization policies, the effect of the pandemic, and product packaging and marketing, but more research is needed to understand this trend …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…[48][49][50] The increase in cannabis ingestions is likely multifactorial and may include legalization policies, the effect of the pandemic, and product packaging and marketing, but more research is needed to understand this trend. [17][18][19]47,51,52 This study reinforced that drug ingestions requiring medical attention are not limited to older children where intent (eg, accidental vs self-harm) may be in question. Almost two-thirds of the children in our study were 6 years of age or younger.…”

Section: Oct-decmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Child Protection System Interactions for Children With Positive Urine Screens for Illicit Drugs

Rebbe,

Malicki,

Siddiqi

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceYoung children are ingesting illicit drugs at increased rates, but it is unknown what the associated child protection system (CPS) responses are when a child tests positive.ObjectiveTo document the child protection system involvement and the characteristics of children who test positive for illicit substances.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study linked medical discharge and child protection system administrative data. The setting was Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, a free-standing pediatric hospital in California. Participants included all emergency department and inpatient medical encounters involving children aged 12 years or younger with a positive urine drug test between 2016 and 2021. Statistical analysis was performed from February 2023 to January 2024.ExposureDrug type, including amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, fentanyl, opiates, and phencyclidine.Main Measures and OutcomesCPS responses associated with the medical encounter including reports, substantiations, case openings, and out-of-home placements.ResultsA total of 511 emergency department and inpatient medical encounters involving children had a positive drug test (262 [51.3%] were female; 309 [60.5%] were age 6 years or younger; fewer than 10 [&lt;3.0%] were American Indian or Alaska Native; 252 [49.3%] were Hispanic [any race], 20 [3.9%] were non-Hispanic Asian, 56 [11.0%] were non-Hispanic Black, 143 [28.0%] were non-Hispanic White, 36 [7.0%] had other or unknown race and ethnicity; 233 [43.6%] had a CPS report prior to the medical encounter). Following the positive screen, 244 (47.7%) were reported to child protection, and 61 (11.9%) were placed out-of-home within 30 days. Mean (SD) quarterly counts of encounters with positive drug tests doubled after the COVID-19 pandemic onset (32.9 [9.8]) compared with prior to the pandemic onset (16.5 [4.7]); for encounters positive for cannabis, mean (SD) quarterly counts were 3 times as high after the pandemic onset than prior (16.6 [4.7] vs 5.7 [2.9]). Encounters for children under age 1 were significantly more likely to have associated child protection reports (relative risk [RR], 2.91 [95% CI, 2.21-3.83]) and child protection case openings (RR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.07-2.72]) than encounters involving older children.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of emergency department and inpatient medical encounters, less than half of children with positive urine drug screens were reported to CPS; out-of-home placements were uncommon. With increased encounters for positive drug tests, it is unclear what services these children and families are receiving.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Oct-decmentioning

confidence: 90%

Child Protection System Interactions for Children With Positive Urine Screens for Illicit Drugs

Rebbe,

Malicki,

Siddiqi

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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Letter to the Editor: Pediatric Poisonings Associated With Ingestion of Marijuana Products

Bai,

Sawlani,

Vishaka

2024

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Sociodemographic profile and clinical presentation of young children unintentionally exposed to marijuana: A single site retrospective cohort

Elliott,

Fonseca,

Dereci

et al. 2024

American J Addict

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Background and ObjectivesLegalization of medical marijuana has increased unintentional exposure to marijuana in young children.We aim to explore the sociodemographic disadvantage profile, prevalence, and clinical presentation of children diagnosed with unintentional exposure to marijuana.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart abstraction of 121 children (aged 0–6) seen at the Emergency Department (ED) at a single tertiary hospital center in Dayton, Ohio between January 01, 2010 and January 09, 2022.ResultsMajority were female (62.8%), white (50.4%), and with Medicaid as their primary insurance (84.3%). The median age at exposure was 1.8 years. There was a 14‐fold increase in unintentional marijuana cases pre‐2017 (7 cases) versus post‐2017 (114 cases), the year of legalization of medical marijuana in the state of Ohio. Majority of the patients were using public assistance (66.4%). 26.7% of the cases had a prior social work consultation and 38.1% had a prior children services consultation. 51.3% of the children had a social disadvantage index score of 3 or greater (range 0–5) with higher scores indicating greater disadvantage.Discussion and ConclusionsThe number of patients presenting to the ED at the hospital has increased 14‐fold since the legalization of medical marijuana in Ohio. Half of the children displayed a higher sociodemographic disadvantage index score.Scientific SignificanceOur study is the first study investigating the sociodemographic profile of children exposed to marijuana. The findings of this study may be utilized to inform policy for safely dispensing recreational and medicinal marijuana products and focus the efforts on families with sociodemographic disadvantage.

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Pediatric Poisonings Associated With Ingestion of Marijuana Products

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Child Protection System Interactions for Children With Positive Urine Screens for Illicit Drugs

Child Protection System Interactions for Children With Positive Urine Screens for Illicit Drugs

Letter to the Editor: Pediatric Poisonings Associated With Ingestion of Marijuana Products

Sociodemographic profile and clinical presentation of young children unintentionally exposed to marijuana: A single site retrospective cohort

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