Pediatric posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome presenting with isolated cerebellar edema and obstructive hydrocephalus

Abstract

<jats:p>In this report, the authors describe the case of a teenage boy who presented with hypertensive emergency, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and hydrocephalus due to fourth ventricle outlet obstruction. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a well-characterized but uncommon syndrome in children that is generally triggered by severe hypertension. The unusual clinical picture of this patient, who had isolated cerebellar edema leading to obstructive hydrocephalus, has been rarely described in children.</jats:p>

Isolated cerebellar involvement in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

“…Eight reports of nine patients met the inclusion criteria [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. These included our two case studies, resulting in a total of 11 cases for this descriptive analysis.…”

“…The involvement of additional areas of the brain in PRES patients, including the frontal lobes, brainstem, basal ganglia and cerebellum, has also been reported [1][2][3][4][5]. However, to the best of our knowledge, isolated cerebellar involvement in PRES has been rarely reported [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and little is known about its precipitating factors, course, radiological features, and outcome(s). In this study, we sought to widen the disease spectrum by describing a cohort of patients presenting with PRES and isolated cerebellar involvement.…”

Teaching Neuro Images : Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome resulting in hydrocephalus

“…Hydrocephalus is a rare but devastating complication, which should be considered in posterior fossa dominant PRES. 1,2 Early recognition is critical to ensuring recovery.…”

Etiologies, Cerebral Vasomotion, and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Pediatric Patients

“…1 and 2 of Ettinger et al 2014]). 55,61,62,309 Bartynski and Boardman 310 described a rather high prevalence of basal ganglionic, brainstem, and cerebellar involvement in patients with PRES. Ni et al 311 also described a high prevalence of atypical involvement with cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from these patients evidencing albuminocytologic dissociation.…”