Pediatric Retinal Detachment in Indonesia: Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Treatment Outcomes

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the clinical features and risk factors of pediatric retinal detachment among patients in Indonesia. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 46 eyes of 34 children (younger than 18 years) diagnosed with pediatric retinal detachment. A detailed history was taken and a complete ophthalmic examination and a systemic examination were performed as required. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and treatment choices were noted. Retinal detachment was categorized as tractional, exudative, or rhegmatogenous. Results: Mean patient age was 8.5 years (range, 0-18 years). Most patients (70%) were boys. Twelve (35%) patients had bilateral involvement at presentation. Tractional retinal detachment was found in 17 eyes (37%) and in this study was caused by retinopathy of prematurity (grade IV-V) in all cases. Exudative retinal detachment was found in 12 eyes (26%), the most common causes of which were panuveitis and Coat's disease (both 50%). Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was found in 17 eyes (37%), the most common risk factor for which was trauma (58%). Conclusions: Different approaches are needed to treat pediatric retina detachment in patients with different risk factors. Recognition of risk factors and early management will help to prevent childhood blindness due to retinal detachment.

Efficacy of Intravitreal Anti Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injection Compared to Focal Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Coats Disease

“…2 A study in Indonesia revealed that Coats disease is the most frequent cause of exudative retinal detachment in pediatric patients, accounting for 50% of the cases, despite the difficulty in screening. 3 The case was mostly found in the 11-15 year age group with a ratio of 3:1 of male and female new cases. 3,4 Most patients in Indonesia were treated with a combination of laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and vitreoretinal surgery.…”

“…3 The case was mostly found in the 11-15 year age group with a ratio of 3:1 of male and female new cases. 3,4 Most patients in Indonesia were treated with a combination of laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and vitreoretinal surgery. 3 The standard regiment of treatment mainly revolves around vascular ablation using laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy, or later on will be referred as standard focal therapy.…”

“…3,4 Most patients in Indonesia were treated with a combination of laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and vitreoretinal surgery. 3 The standard regiment of treatment mainly revolves around vascular ablation using laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy, or later on will be referred as standard focal therapy. [4][5][6] However, the effectiveness of standard thermal laser photocoagulation may decrease when more than two quadrants of the retina exhibit vascular abnormalities.…”