Pediatric Terrible Triad Elbow Fracture Dislocations: Report of 2 Cases

Pure elbow dislocation in the paediatric age group

“…Possible complications following an elbow dislocation may include residual limitation of the ROM, recurrent instability, neurovascular lesions, avascular necrosis of the epiphyses, heterotopic ossification, radio-ulnar synostosis, and degenerative arthritis in the long-term [6,16,17,20]. The only major complication noted in our study group was loss of extension in four cases diagnosed at the latest follow-up.…”

“…Dislocations of the elbow have been reported as often accompanied by disruption of multiple stabilisers, and thus the patho-physiology is complicated [15]. Traumatic elbow dislocation is uncommon in skeletally immature patients and generally diagnosed with concomitant fractures, avulsions or neurovascular injuries around the joint [1,5,6,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Acute traumatic pure elbow dislocation in childhood is even more uncommon.…”

“…Posterior elbow dislocations comprise over 90 % of the cases [2,3,10]. Unusual types of dislocations, such as the terrible triad, divergent or convergent dislocations or with crossover of the radius and ulna, were also reported in the literature [13,17,21,22]. Silva et al [16] reported that posteromedial dislocation of the elbow was observed in most patients.…”

Anterior transolecranon fracture dislocation with an associated avulsion fracture of coronoid process of ulna in a child: a case report

“…Smaller fragments of the coronoid tip in children have been reported to be repaired by lasso-type suture. 6 Furthermore, the osteochondral flap fracture of the coronoid is a very rare fracture in pediatric patients. Most cases of pediatric osteochondral flap fracture of the coronoid were associated with elbow posterior dislocations and spontaneous relocation.…”

Terrible triad of the elbow and associated variants: a systematic review

“…Dailiana et al 5 reported the case of a four-year-old girl who fell from a height of 60 cm resulting in a TTE (impacted RHF, type 2 coronoid fracture, and elbow dislocation) with a concomitant olecranon fracture (transverse type) and avulsion of both the MCL and LCL. Zha et al 35 described a 26-year-old male who fell off a truck and landed on both hands, resulting in bilateral elbow injuries.…”