Pediatric Three-dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Game Changer in Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract

Background: Despite its potential, pediatric three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) faced technical limitations due to the size and rigidity of early probes designed for adults. Aim: In this paper, we present our experience in using the new pediatric 3D TEE probe in complex congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: Recent advancements in the field of miniaturization have led to the development of a new pediatric 3D TEE probe, specifically designed for young children (weight ≥4.5 kg). This probe features a smaller, flexible design and high-spatial and temporal resolution, enabling detailed views of intracardiac structures and real-time imaging crucial for complex diagnosis, planning interventional and surgical procedures. We used this new probe in pediatric cases (weight between 4.5 and 6 kg) with complex congenital heart disease. Results: In double-outlet right ventricle or in Taussig Bing anomaly the new 3D TEE probe enabled detailed assessment of ventricular septal defect and its relations with tricuspid valve apparatus, and provided details of mitral valve leaflets not detectable by the transthoracic approach, even in small children. Conclusions: These cases highlight the probe‘s ability to provide detailed anatomical information, enhancing surgical planning and outcomes. The pediatric 3D TEE probe has the potential to be a game changer in defining intracardiac anatomy in complex CHD.