Pediatric urolithiasis in Armenia: a study of 198 patients observed from 1991 to 1999

Sarkissian, Ashot; Babloyan, Ara; Arikyants, Nina; Hesse, Albrecht; Blau, Nenad; Leumann, Ernst

doi:10.1007/s004670100647

Cited by 83 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The etiology of urolithiasis in children is largely unknown, 5,6 though anatomic genitourinary and metabolic abnormalities and infection are usually coexistent in this population. 7 To decrease morbidity and long-term effects of pediatric urolithiasis, it is essential to assess the characteristics and etiology of the patients' stones to carefully plan an appropriate management strategy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pediatric urolithiasis: experience at a tertiary care pediatric hospital

Kit

Filler

Pike

et al. 2013

CUAJ

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Objective: We aimed to determine the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics, evaluation and course of patients with urolithiasis at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario to improve current diagnostic and management strategies. Methods:This was a retrospective study of children with newly identified urolithiasis between Jan. 1, 1999, and July 31, 2004. Cases were reviewed for demographics, presentation, family history, diagnostic methods and findings, metabolic and anatomic abnormalities, management, stone analysis and stone recurrence.Results: Seventy-two patients (40 male, 32 female; mean age 11.3 yr) were assessed. Mean follow-up was at 1.5 years. Eighteen patients (25%) had a family history of stones. Flank pain (63%) was the most common presentation. Eighty-two percent of urinalyses showed microscopic hematuria. Imaging comprised abdominal plain film radiography (56%) and (or) abdominal ultrasonography (74%). The mean stone size was 5 mm. Forty-one percent (28/69) of patients who underwent metabolic investigation had an abnormality. Fourteen percent of patients (10/72) had a genitourinary anatomical abnormality. Thirtyfour patients (47%) passed their stones spontaneously, 25 patients (35%) required surgical intervention and 13 patients (18%) had yet to pass their stone. The mean size of spontaneously passed stones was 4 mm. Of 42 stones analyzed, 39 (93%) were composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Seventeen (24%) patients had stone recurrence during follow-up. Conclusion:Pediatric patients with stones present in a manner similar to adults.Abdominal plain film radiography and ultrasonography are the preferred initial radiological investigations in children as they limit radiation exposure. Metabolic abnormalities are common and may coexist with anatomic abnormalities, therefore investigations must rule these out. One-half of patients will pass their stones spontaneously. Recurrence rates are high and long-term followup is recommended.

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confidence: 99%

Pediatric urolithiasis: experience at a tertiary care pediatric hospital

Kit

Filler

Pike

et al. 2013

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“…The probability of a patient suffering from recurrence is sults [38]. Calcium oxalate was the predominant constituent of the kidney stones in 112 (62%) patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of urinary calculi by binocular stereoscopic microscopy

Nayır

2002

Pediatr Nephrol

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Because of the inadequacies of chemical methods for identifying urinary calculi, mineralogical methods have been developed, but these methods are sometimes time consuming and expensive. The aim of the study was to evaluate urinary calculi with binocular stereoscopic microscopy (BSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and biochemical methods and to determine the specificity of BSM. A total of 30 pediatric patients with urinary calculi (17 girls and 13 boys), from 6 months to 19 years of age, were included in the study. The calculi obtained were evaluated with a Novex-AP 8 BSM, a Shimadzu 6000 XRD device, a Jeol JXA 733 SEM, and a biochemical kit from Merck. In 2 cases BSM rapidly determined that the material was not from the urinary system. Except for 2 cases, BSM results were identical to the results obtained by XRD. In 2 non-identifiable cases, the samples were struvite with an amorphous structure. The sensitivity of BSM was 93%. The small size of calculi did not permit biochemical analysis in 4 cases. In another group of 4 cases, the results of biochemical analysis did not agree with the XRD. In 7 cases, calcium phosphate was found by biochemical assay, although it was not confirmed by XRD. The sensitivity of biochemical analysis was 58%. BSM is more reliable than biochemical methods. BSM can be used for a rapid, reliable evaluation of the urinary calculi. It gives additional information about the nidus, the crystalline structure, and the order of deposition of components. The clinician can perform this investigation himself, obtaining very useful information about stone formation that allows an immediate start of medical treatment, decreasing recurrences.

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“…Literature states that pathology is more frequent in males; ratio M:F = 2:1 to 3:1 corresponding to the type of stone [9,10,11] but not in all studies [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithiasis in Children

2016

IJSR

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Background: Urolithiasis is already one of the oldest diseases even in pediatric patients. The prevalence of kidney stones is estimated to be 1:20.000 children/year. The medium age of onset is between 5-7 years. The aim of our study was to see the characteristic features, predisposing factors and therapeutic procedures for urolithiasis in children, as well as metabolic abnormalities especially hypercalciuria. Methods: In a retrospective study we involved 216 patients (46% of them with family history for kidney stones) in an 8 year period (study period from 2007 till 2015). All patients underwent abdominal ultrasonography and laboratory examination. Results: Male/female ratio was 2.17:1. Diagnostic medium age was 6.44 years. The most frequent symptoms were: back pain in 33.3%, abdominal pain in 19.4%, gross hematuria in 19.4%, microhematuria in 14%, urinary retention in 9.7%, dysuria in 8.3%, vomiting in 11.1%, growth retardation in 4.2%, hypertension in 1.4%, spontaneous passage of renal calculi in 5.5%. 4.2% of patients were asymptomatic. Infectious stone was found in 47.2% of cases. The chemical composition of the stone was studied only in 51% of cases from which 56% appeared to be calcium oxalate and phosphate stones. Metabolic abnormalities were found in 50% of patients. Conclusions: Urolithiasis is common disease among Albanian children. 50% of patients had metabolic disorders. Calcium-oxalate and calcium-phosphate represents the most frequent types of calculi. Hypercalciuria is the most important metabolic disorder. Hypocitraturia is the risk factor to calcium urolithiasis. We recommend that every child with stone must be estimated for a metabolic screening.

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Pediatric urolithiasis in Armenia: a study of 198 patients observed from 1991 to 1999

Cited by 83 publications

References 24 publications

Pediatric urolithiasis: experience at a tertiary care pediatric hospital

Pediatric urolithiasis: experience at a tertiary care pediatric hospital

Determination of urinary calculi by binocular stereoscopic microscopy

Urolithiasis in Children

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