“…During the 190s, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto introduced a scheme to allow parents to help care for their hospitalized child (MacDonald,199) and by 1978 most hospitals in Canada has taken steps to liberalize visiting hours to reduce what was now accepted as the harmful emotional effects of hospitalization (Roskies et al, 1978). In the USA, Care-by-Parent Units, which enabled mothers to be resident and care for their child under the supervision of a nurse, were being promoted to improve not only quality of care but enable cost savings for the hospital (Caldwell and Lockhart, 1981;James, 1972;Vermilion et al, 1979). Of particular interest, in view of the Platt recommendations, was that one large randomized controlled study in the United Kingdom not only identified how resident mothers benefited the children but also how nurses were not necessarily in favour of this.…”