Pediculus humanus capitis in schoolchildren

Burgess, Ian F.; Stichele, Robert H. Vander; Bogaert, Marc G.; Birtwistle, Sybil; Chosidown, Olivier

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90905-2

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HEAD lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), in the second half of the 20th century has been performed using a wide variety of insecticides, including DDT, dieldrin, lindane, malathion, pyrethrum, and pyrethroids such as permethrin. Resistance to DDT was demonstrated in the 1960s (Maunder 1971); more recently, resistance to the widely and currently used permethrin was reported in several countries, including France (Coz et al 1993), Czech Republic (Rupes et al 1995), Israel (Mumcuoglu et al 1995), Britain (Burgess 1995, Downs et al 1999, Argentina (Picollo et al 1998(Picollo et al , 2000, and the United States (Pollack et al 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Lice from the Czech Republic (Rupes et al 1995) were exposed to bunches of simulated human hair impregnated with different concentrations of permethrin, and mortality was recorded 16 h later to calculate lethal concentration 50% (LC 50 ) and lethal concentration 90% (LC 90 ). Head lice from Israel (Mumcuoglu et al 1995) and Britain (Burgess 1995, Downs et al 1999 were exposed to permethrinimpregnated Þlter paper with silicone ßuid alone, and the number of dead and live insects were recorded at regular time intervals until complete mortality occurred. Mumcuoglu et al (1995) calculated time-probit mortality regression lines to estimate lethal time 50% (LT 50 ).…”

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Prevalence and Levels of Permethrin Resistance inPediculus humanus capitisDe Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina

et al. 2003

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Permethrin has been used extensively for control of Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae) in Argentina since 1990, resulting in the development of resistance to this and other pyrethroids. This resistance was first detected in some field populations in 1997. A survey for resistance in Buenos Aires in 2001 revealed significant resistance levels in lice on children at 24 of 26 (92.3%) schools. When compared with a previously unexposed reference population, resistance ratios (RRs) obtained by exposing the insects to filter papers impregnated with permethrin ranged from 2 to 60 in 10 (39%) of the schools. RRs in the remaining 14 (61%) populations were too great to not be measured with the filter paper method (RR > 88.7). As an alternative, we used topical applications of 0.1 microl of acetone solution of permethrin on the dorsal abdomen of adults and third instars. This topical method, which has not been previously reported for head lice, was capable of quantifying higher levels of resistance. Highly resistant populations had RRs from 162.5 to 655.2. When applied to populations with low and intermediate levels of resistance, results from the filter paper and topical application methods were highly correlated, and RRs from topical application were higher than those from the filter paper method. Results from the combination of the two methods indicated that head lice among Buenos Aries school children are highly resistant to permethrin, and the resistance is widespread.

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Prevalence and Levels of Permethrin Resistance inPediculus humanus capitisDe Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina

et al. 2003

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“…Different genetic studies suggested that both head and body lice are conspecific (Leo et al 2002;Yong et al 2003) or that both insects are separate species (Leo et al 2005). Nevertheless, many papers refer to them as subspecies (Burgess 1995;Burkhart et al 2001;Tomita et al 2003;Abdel-Ghaffar and Semmier 2007). Both insects are very similar and interbreed in laboratory (Leo et al 2002) but they differ in some characters at the distinct levels of (genetic, ecology, and behavior;Buxton 1946;Leo et al 2005, this report).…”

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confidence: 85%

Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice) and Pediculus humanus humanus (body lice): response to laboratory temperature and humidity and susceptibility to monoterpenoids

2009

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Human pediculosis is produced by Pediculus humanus humanus (Linnaeus 1758) and Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer 1767). Laboratory-reared body lice, susceptible to insecticides, were used as reference in toxicological studies on head lice. In this work, we evaluated the survival of both subspecies at different temperatures and relative humidities and we propose the optimal conditions for comparative bioassays. Moreover, we used these conditions to test the activity of three monoterpenoids against both lice. The results showed differential response to changes in temperature and humidity between both organisms. The survival of body lice ranged between 83% and 100% and was not affected for the tested conditions. The survival of head lice depended on temperature, humidity, and exposure time. The optimal conditions for head lice were 18 masculineC and 97% relative humidity at 18 h of exposition. The insecticidal activity of three monoterpenoids (pulegone, linalool, and 1,8-cineole), evaluated according the selected conditions by topical application, showed no significant differences between males of body and head lice. To conclude, as head lice required more special laboratory conditions than body lice, the optimal head lice conditions should be used in both organisms in comparative bioassays. Body louse is an appropriate organism for testing products against of head louse.

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“…The failure in the chemical control of Pediculus humanus captis De Geer 1778 has been attributed to evolution of insecticide resistance. Resistance to organochlorinated insecticides was shown in the 1960s (Maunder 1971), and resistance to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides was reported in several countries (Coz et al 1993, Burgess 1995, Mumcuoglu et al 1995, Rupes et al 1995, Picollo et al 1998, Downs et al 1999, Pollack et al 1999, Lee et al 2000, Tomita et al 2003. These studies were focused on the evaluation of resistance in the larval or adult stages of the head lice.…”

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Evidence of Pyrethroid Resistance in Eggs of <I>Pediculus humanus capitis</I> (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Argentina

Cueto¹,

Zerba²,

Picollo³

2008

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Insecticide resistance in Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer 1778 (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from different countries has been well documented in the last years. Otherwise, little research has been reported about insecticide resistance in insect embryos and none in human louse embryos. In this work, we studied insecticide resistance in eggs of three head lice populations whose pyrethroid resistance was shown in adults and nymphs compared with a susceptible laboratory body louse strain. All head louse populations showed high permethrin resistance in eggs. Levels of permethrin resistance (LCRs) assessed in eggs by immersion technique were higher than those previously reported for the corresponding populations of adults by topical application. Comparison of LCR values for different populations showed that there was a direct relationship between the resistance levels assessed in eggs and those in adults. All permethrin-resistant eggs showed high resistance to d-phenothrin and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and low resistance to carbaryl, which is in common with the resistance profile established for adults and nymphs. The results concerning the high resistance to pyrethroid (permethrin and d-phenothrin) and the cross-resistance to DDT and carbaryl detected in head louse eggs and adults suggested similar resistance mechanisms in eggs and adults of head louse populations from adults.

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Pediculus humanus capitis in schoolchildren

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence and Levels of Permethrin Resistance inPediculus humanus capitisDe Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina

Prevalence and Levels of Permethrin Resistance inPediculus humanus capitisDe Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina

Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice) and Pediculus humanus humanus (body lice): response to laboratory temperature and humidity and susceptibility to monoterpenoids

Evidence of Pyrethroid Resistance in Eggs of <I>Pediculus humanus capitis</I> (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Argentina

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