Pedigree analysis on the population of Gir cattle in Northeast Brazil

Oliveira, Ana Paula; Malhado, Carlos Henrıque Mendes; Carneiro, Paulo Luız Souza; Filho, Raimundo Martins; Silveira, Éderson Silva; Souza, Laaina de Andrade; Muniz, Lorena Mirelle Santos; Azevêdo, Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982012000500011

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Nowadays, herdbook information includes records of both imported animals, with their respective country, and those born in Brazil. The analysis of population structure based on pedigree information has been applied to the genetic characterization of different cattle breeds in Brazil (Faria et al, 2010;Reis Filho et al, 2010;Oliveira et al, 2012;Santana et al, 2012) as well as in several other countries (see review by Carolino and Gama, 2008) and is now a common tool in managing genetic diversity in livestock species (FAO, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and genetic diversity of British cattle breeds in Brazil assessed by pedigree analyses1

Piccoli

Neto

Brito³

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Pedigree information available for Angus (ANG), Devon (DEV), Hereford (HER), and Shorthorn (SHO) cattle in Brazil was analyzed to appraise the genetic diversity and population structure of these breeds. Pedigree records collected from the beginning of the 20th century until 2010 were used in the analyses. Over time, the number of herdbook registrations declined in HER after a peak in the 1970s, remained low in DEV and SHO, and increased steadily in ANG since the 1990s, such that it the latter is now the leading British cattle breed in Brazil. The average number of offspring registered per sire ranged from about 12 (SHO) to 20 (DEV) and the mean generation interval ranged from about 6.0 (HER and SHO) to 6.4 (ANG) years. In the reference population (calves born in 2009 and 2010, plus those born in 2008 for SHO) the mean equivalent number of generations known ranged from about 7 (SHO) to 9 (HER). In the 4 breeds studied, nearly all animals born over the last few years are inbred, even though the mean level of inbreeding in the reference population is below 4% in all breeds. The rate of inbreeding per generation, computed from the individual increase in inbreeding, ranged from about 0.2 (ANG) to 0.5% (DEV), with a corresponding effective population size of 245 and 92, respectively, which is above the recommended minimum critical threshold. The number of founders/ancestors contributing with 50% of the reference population gene pool was 211/26 for ANG, 41/14 for DEV, 164/25 for HER, and 79/10 for SHO, with effective number of founders/ancestors/founder genomes of 470/68/36, 89/33/16, 289/59/30, and 200/28/18 for ANG, DEV, HER, and SHO, respectively. The genetic contribution of different countries to the gene pool of each breed indicated that, throughout the period studied, DEV genes originated predominantly from the United Kingdom, while for the other breeds there was a changing pattern over time. Until the 1970s Argentina was the major supplier of ANG, while HER and SHO genes were mostly from Uruguay, but since then the United States took the leading role as supplier of ANG, HER, and SHO genes to Brazil. Our results reveal a mild increase in inbreeding in all breeds studied, with effective population size estimates indicating that reasonable levels of genetic diversity have been maintained in all 4 breeds. Continuous monitoring of inbreeding trends and of parameters derived from probability of gene origin should be ensured to warrant the long-term maintenance of genetic diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and genetic diversity of British cattle breeds in Brazil assessed by pedigree analyses1

Piccoli

Neto

Brito³

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The ratio ⨍ e /⨍ a in White Shorthaired goat was 1.6. The higher the value of this ratio, the higher the bottleneck effect resulting from the decrease of the number of reproducers over the generations (de Oliviera et al 2012). When the ratio ⨍ e /⨍ a is close to unity, the population is stable in terms of effectively contributing ancestors and the bottleneck has not played a significant role in the population (Fair et al 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedigree analysis in White Shorthaired goat: First results

Oravcová

2013

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Pedigree records of 1 682 animals of the White Shorthaired goat in Slovakia were investigated. The reference population was defined as the animals born from 2008 to 2011 with at least one ancestor known in the second ancestral generation (670 animals kept in eight flocks). The numbers of founders (286), ancestors (256), effective founders (73), effective ancestors (45) and founder genome equivalents (32) were assessed. Fifteen ancestors were needed to explain 50 % of genetic variability. Marginal contributions of the ten most influential ancestors varied between 5.45 % and 2.47 % and accounted for 39.8 % of genetic variability. The mean values of inbreeding and co-ancestry were 0.69 % and 1.55 %, respectively. The effective population size was assessed to consist of 182 and 142 individuals, depending whether it was calculated from the individual increase in inbreeding or the individual increase in co-ancestry. The number of maximum generations traced, fully traced generations and equivalent complete generations traced were 5.62, 1.97 and 3.04, respectively. The first, second and third ancestral generation were 100 %, 83 % and 71 % complete, respectively. The completeness decreased to as low as 35 % and 11 % in the fourth and fifth generation. To be able to keep genetic links across generations in touch, the amount of pedigree information needs to be increased. This is a serious requirement for appropriate monitoring and management of genetic relations within the population.

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“…This could be because pedigree relationships are based on expectations. Other than those, mean inbreeding coefficients for livestock reported are consistently low, generally less than 0.01 in many different breeds of cattle around the world ( Peixoto et al, 2010 ; Dang et al, 2011 ; Oliveira et al, 2012 ; Santana Junior et al, 2012 ; Steyn et al, 2012 ; Barbosa et al, 2013 ; Worede et al, 2013 ; Pavlik et al, 2014 ; Pienaar et al, 2015 ; Bernardes et al, 2016 ). Domínguez-Viveros et al (2012) presented tabular summaries as distributions of inbreeding coefficients and additive relatedness within equine and taurine populations involved in Mexican bullfighting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Mean estimates of Wright’s relationship coefficient from the present study for the Trask 26 bulls with the different ancestor groups (range from 0.15 to 0.208) were higher than reported estimates from other cattle populations. Mean relatedness ranged from less than 0.02 in Gir ( Oliveira et al, 2012 ), Brown Swiss ( Worede et al, 2013 ), and Nellore ( Barbosa et al, 2013 ) to a high of 0.065 in Brangus cattle in Mexico ( Ramírez-Valverde et al, 2018 ). Leesburg et al (2013) reported an average relationship coefficient of 0.24 for Line 1 Hereford ( MacNeil, 2009 ) in the United States with South African Hereford cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributional characterizations and testing for differences of relatedness and inbreeding of a subpopulation of American Hereford bulls

Simmons

Riggs

Sanders³

et al. 2021

Translational Animal Science

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Beta distributions are characterized by two determining parameters and a parameter space from 0 to 1, and may be useful for examining population genetic parameters such as the relationship or inbreeding coefficients. Often subpopulations exist within breeds that are congregated around particular lineages of cattle or ancestors that breeders value. These subpopulations are more related to each other than to the majority of other animals; they may have higher inbreeding as well. Value may be added to these subpopulations because of their relatedness with important or renowned ancestors. The objectives of this work were to compare the relatedness and inbreeding of a group of 26 modern bulls from a subpopulation of the American Hereford breed relative to 1) 30 males with the most descendants present in the pedigree, 2) 15 renowned American Hereford bulls considered important individuals in the breed’s history, and 3) 19 prominent subpopulation male ancestors. Conformance of the mean relationship coefficients of the bulls with the three groups and the mean inbreeding coefficient with all pedigree animals to beta distributions was assessed by 1) visually determining the parameters of the beta distributions based on the entire pedigree, and 2) testing the mean relationship coefficient or inbreeding coefficient of the group of subpopulation bulls for its positional inclusion in those distributions, and 3) bootstrap sampling methodology. The mean relationship coefficients of the 26 Trask bulls with the 30 bulls with the most descendants, the 15 renowned ancestors, and the 19 Trask male ancestors were 0.15, 0.132, and 0.208, respectively. Testing of these means in beta distributions indicated that the group of 26 Trask bulls were no more related to the three groups of bulls than all of the animals in the pedigree (0.06 < P < 0.25). Bootstrap sampling indicated that the 26 bulls were more related to the three groups of male ancestors than the remainder of the animals in the pedigree (P < 0.0001). The mean inbreeding coefficient of the 26 bulls (0.13) did not differ from the overall inbreeding coefficient (0.056) when tested using a beta distribution; however, bootstrap sampling indicated otherwise (P < 0.0001). Results may indicate the inadequacy of visually parameterizing a beta distribution. Quantification of pedigree relatedness of a group of animals to key ancestors, especially with no DNA available, may add value to that group and individuals.

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Pedigree analysis on the population of Gir cattle in Northeast Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Origins and genetic diversity of British cattle breeds in Brazil assessed by pedigree analyses1

Origins and genetic diversity of British cattle breeds in Brazil assessed by pedigree analyses1

Pedigree analysis in White Shorthaired goat: First results

Distributional characterizations and testing for differences of relatedness and inbreeding of a subpopulation of American Hereford bulls

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