Pedodiversity and pedogenesis in Zayandeh-rud Valley, Central Iran

Toomanian, Norair; Jalalian, Ahmad; Khademi, Hossein; Eghbal, Mostafa Karimian; Papritz, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.04.016

Cited by 82 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Comparison of Shannon's diversity index for the various USDA soil taxonomy levels in the two mentioned areas is shown in Figure 5. Based on obtained results, the value of Shannon's diversity index increased from the order to the family levels in both areas because of the simul- Relative similarity index Categories of USDA Soil Taxonomy taneous rise in richness and evenness that occurred in downscaling use of small scale information for analysis of large scale studies [14].…”

Section: Indices Of Jaccard Similarity and Relativementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Diversity is the index that involves both richness and evenness, and the larger values of the richness and evenness indices are a reason for the existence of greater diversity [10] [11]. Soil diversity can be analyzed from various viewpoints including taxonomic pedodiversity, genetic pedodiversity, functional pedodiversity, and diversity of soil properties [14] [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, their results suggested taxonomic pedodiversity increased in proportion to increases in the age of the terraces, while genetic pedodiversity decreased with increases in the age of the terraces. Toomanian et al [14] used a geomorphic hierarchical method to study taxonomic and genetic pedodiversity of the Zayandeh-Rood Valley. Results showed that, at lower levels of the landscape towards the geomorphic surfaces, the value of Shannon's diversity index increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Employing Diversity and Similarity Indices to Evaluate Geopedological Soil Mapping in Miyaneh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Nazari¹,

Mahmoodi²,

Masihabadi³

2016

OJG

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The geopedological viewpoint attempts to distinguish and introduce the smallest map unit that has the highest levels of homogeneity and uniformity with respect to landform, lithology, and soil, especially if the relationship between geomorphology and soils in the region is well defined. This research intended to investigate the degree of validity generalization of results obtained in the geopedology approach for similar landforms in the Miayneh region of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. For this purpose, soil diversity study was conducted through measuring it in a hierarchical sequence in categories of USDA soil taxonomy and by comparing similar units in the geopedological method through employing pedodiversity and similarity indices. After preparing the initial interpretative map (based on aerial photographs) at a scale of 1:20,000, the HPu211 unit that covered the greatest delineation of study area was selected and 28 soil profiles, about 90 meters apart, were excavated, described, and sampled in this unit. The degree of validity generalization of geopedological results for the mentioned unit was determined by digging 14 other soil profiles in a similar unit, called the validation area, which was located outside of the sample area. Results indicated that the value of Shannon's diversity index increased from the level of soil order to soil family in both the sample and the generalization areas; however, only at the soil family level were there significant differences between soil diversity in the two areas at the confidence level of 95%. As well as classification of the profiles dug in the generalization area was different from that of the profiles dug in the sample area at the category of soil family. Therefore, it is possible that management generalizability in this method, even at the detailed scale, can satisfy the related needs. Consequently, interpretative or managerial purity of geopedological units must be considered in future research.

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Section: Indices Of Jaccard Similarity and Relativementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Employing Diversity and Similarity Indices to Evaluate Geopedological Soil Mapping in Miyaneh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Nazari¹,

Mahmoodi²,

Masihabadi³

2016

OJG

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“…One of the basic limitations to the use of geomorphological maps is their coarse resolution relative to the needs of pure and applied geomorphological research. In response to this, attempts have been made to 'downscale' geomorphological information to finer spatial resolutions (Zhang et al, 1999;Toomanian et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Translating information between different spatial scales has emerged as a development area in modern science, particularly in climatology (Wilby and Wigley, 1997), hydrology (Blösch and Sivapalan, 1995), biogeography (Araújo et al, 2005) and ecology (McPherson et al, 2006). However, only a little empirical work has been conducted in geomorphology to use coarse-grained data in order to model geomorphological processes at finer spatial resolution, although see exceptions in the work of Zhu et al (2001) and Toomanian et al (2006) for soil property modelling, and Zhang et al (1999) for slope estimates. Systematic studies employing downscaling methods for several different geomorphological processes utilizing independent model calibration and model test areas are largely lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downscaling of coarse‐grained geomorphological data

Luoto

Hjort

2007

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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One of the basic limitations to the use of geomorphological maps is their coarse resolution relative to the needs of pure and applied geomorphological research. In response to this, attempts have been made to 'downscale' geomorphological information to finer spatial resolutions. However, the potential of statistical downscaling in geomorphology has been insufficiently examined. We downscaled four different periglacial features (wind deflation, palsa mire, earth hummock and sorted solifluction sheet) from a 100 ha grid to a 1 ha grid resolution utilizing two different techniques: point sampling (PSA) and direct (DA) approaches. We assessed the predictive accuracy of the models with the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic plot using independent evaluation data. The PSA technique yielded encouraging results with a mean accuracy of 0·81, whereas the performance of DA was poorer. The predictive performance of the palsa mire and solifluction sheet models was excellent (AUC values from 0·89 to 0·96), whereas the AUC values of deflation and earth hummock models were lower (AUC = = = = = 0·57-0·81). The application of a point sampling approach as used here provides an efficient method to translate geomorphological information to finer resolution. However, further testing of the downscaling approaches is required before they can be applied to real-world situations.

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Evolutionary creativity in landscapes

Phillips

2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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In biological evolution, creativity occurs in the appearance of new entities by evolutionary dynamics. This is linked to mutations and genetic drift, which cannot occur in geophysical phenomena. Biota can exhibit evolutionary creativity that influences landforms, but how does creativity (defined here as the capacity for emergence of new entities that increase the adjustedness of the landscape to environmental conditions) occur in landforms and landscapes as entities independent of biota? Creativity in geomorphic evolution does not require any sort of goal functions or purposeful innovationjust that geomorphic development is capable of producing novelties that may be better adapted (more efficient or durable) than predecessors. Independently of biota, evidence exists that landforms may develop to become more or less 'fit' in terms of efficiency and/or durability. Thus, emergence of novel features may lead to their persistence. Emergence of novel forms is illustrated for the case of karst sinkholes (dolines), which indicates increasing geomorphic diversity over Ma and Ga timescales. A case study of fluviokarst chronosequences in Kentucky demonstrates emergence and elimination of landforms as landscapes evolve. Some of these may represent generally (as opposed to locally) novel landforms. While this article is more suggestive than demonstrative, results strongly suggest evolutionary creativity in geomorphology both tied to, and independent of, biological evolution. This occurs due to emergence of geomorphic entities that are subject to selection that tends to increase efficiency and durability.

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Pedodiversity and pedogenesis in Zayandeh-rud Valley, Central Iran

Cited by 82 publications

References 40 publications

Employing Diversity and Similarity Indices to Evaluate Geopedological Soil Mapping in Miyaneh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Employing Diversity and Similarity Indices to Evaluate Geopedological Soil Mapping in Miyaneh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Downscaling of coarse‐grained geomorphological data

Evolutionary creativity in landscapes

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