PEDOT: PSS coating on gold microelectrodes with excellent stability and high charge injection capacity for chronic neural interfaces

Pranti, Anmona Shabnam; Schander, Andreas; Bödecker, André; Lang, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2018.08.007

Cited by 107 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The two‐electrode sensor design is shown in Figure , consisting of a smaller WE of gold and a larger CE/RE made of an electropolymerized PPy:PSS layer. The electropolymerization process was conducted potentiostatically in deionized water, which is a common process . The increased electroactive surface area of the PPy:PSS layer decreases the interface impedance, as discussed in detail in a previous study .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Using Interdigitated Gold–Polypyrrole Electrode Combination

Kremers

Menzel

Freitag

et al. 2020

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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A novel electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor design, based on a standard interdigitated electrode arrangement in which the working electrode consists of gold and the combined counter and reference electrodes of polypyrrole doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PPy:PSS), is evaluated for biosensing applications. The performance is successfully proved by immobilization of a thiolated biotin as a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM), followed by streptavidin and a biotinylated horseradish peroxidase. It is shown that specific binding of biomolecules takes place only at the gold electrode. The binding activities are not influenced by the addition of small amounts of the nonionic surfactant Pluronic F‐68. The immobilization process is monitored online with EIS showing an excellent repeatability of the EIS signals in comparison with Au–Au electrode configuration even after electrode regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Using Interdigitated Gold–Polypyrrole Electrode Combination

Kremers

Menzel

Freitag

et al. 2020

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…For its remarkably increased charge storage and injection capacity and high corrosion resistivity, iridium oxide has been also widely utilized as a coating material (Meyer et al, 2001; Hasenkamp et al, 2009) to enhance the performance and the durability of the electrode. Carbon nanotubes (Jiang et al, 2011; Schmidt et al, 2013) and conducting polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) (Cui and Martin, 2003; Pranti et al, 2018) are attracting considerable attention as alternatives to the metal electrodes and coatings for their biocompatibility and tunable electrical properties.…”

Section: Implantable Electrodes In Neurological and Neuropsychiatric mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Response to Neural Implants: The Use of Model Systems Toward New Design Solutions of Implantable Microelectrodes

et al. 2019

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The development of implantable neuroelectrodes is advancing rapidly as these tools are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in clinical practice, especially for the treatment of traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders. Electrodes have been exploited in a wide number of neural interface devices, such as deep brain stimulation, which is one of the most successful therapies with proven efficacy in the treatment of diseases like Parkinson or epilepsy. However, one of the main caveats related to the clinical application of electrodes is the nervous tissue response at the injury site, characterized by a cascade of inflammatory events, which culminate in chronic inflammation, and, in turn, result in the failure of the implant over extended periods of time. To overcome current limitations of the most widespread macroelectrode based systems, new design strategies and the development of innovative materials with superior biocompatibility characteristics are currently being investigated. This review describes the current state of the art of in vitro, ex vivo , and in vivo models available for the study of neural tissue response to implantable microelectrodes. We particularly highlight new models with increased complexity that closely mimic in vivo scenarios and that can serve as promising alternatives to animal studies for investigation of microelectrodes in neural tissues. Additionally, we also express our view on the impact of the progress in the field of neural tissue engineering on neural implant research.

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“…Chemical and physical characteristics of microelectrodes such as long-term stability, high charge injection capacity, and low impedance play a role in successful treatment [23]. An electrochemical surface modification method for PEDOT that uses a PSS coating of neural interfaces involving a controlled cyclic voltammetry (CV) process is shown in [24]. This method is beneficial for neural interfaces as it increases the charge injection capacity of the electrode without degrading the mechanical stability of the coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Novel Measurement Setup for Characterization of Graphene Microelectrodes and a Comparative Study of Variables Influencing Charge Injection Limits of Implantable Microelectrodes

Cisnal

Ihmig

Fraile

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Depending on their use, electrodes must have a certain size and design so as not to compromise their electrical characteristics. It is fundamental to be aware of all dependences on external factors that vary the electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes. When using implantable electrodes, the maximum charge injection capacity (CIC) is the total amount of charge that can be injected into the tissue in a reversible way. It is fundamental to know the relations between the characteristics of the microelectrode itself and its maximum CIC in order to develop microelectrodes that will be used in biomedical applications. CIC is a very complex measure that depends on many factors: material, size (geometric and effectiveness area), and shape of the implantable microelectrode and long-term behavior, composition, and temperature of the electrolyte. In this paper, our previously proposed measurement setup and automated calculation method are used to characterize a graphene microelectrode and to measure the behavior of a set of microelectrodes that have been developed in the Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT) labs. We provide an electrochemical evaluation of CIC for these microelectrodes by examining the role of the following variables: pulse width of the stimulation signal, electrode geometry and size, roughness factor, solution, and long-term behavior. We hope the results presented in this paper will be useful for future studies and for the manufacture of advanced implantable microelectrodes.

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PEDOT: PSS coating on gold microelectrodes with excellent stability and high charge injection capacity for chronic neural interfaces

Cited by 107 publications

References 39 publications

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Using Interdigitated Gold–Polypyrrole Electrode Combination

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Using Interdigitated Gold–Polypyrrole Electrode Combination

Tissue Response to Neural Implants: The Use of Model Systems Toward New Design Solutions of Implantable Microelectrodes

Application of a Novel Measurement Setup for Characterization of Graphene Microelectrodes and a Comparative Study of Variables Influencing Charge Injection Limits of Implantable Microelectrodes

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