PEDOT:TOS with PEG: a biofunctional surface with improved electronic characteristics

Jimison, Leslie H.; Hama, Adel; Strakosas, Xenofon; Armel, Vanessa; Khodagholy, Dion; Ismailova, Esma; Malliaras, George G.; Winther‐Jensen, Bjorn; Owens, Róisı́n M.

doi:10.1039/c2jm32188b

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…16 A CV of both VPP-PEDOT and EP-PEDOT is shown in Figure 3b, exhibiting similar broad anodic and cathodic processes characteristic to PEDOT. 17 The lower film capacity of EP-PEDOT is likely related to morphological properties such as porosity. It is generally well known that electrodeposited conducting polymers are far more porous than their vapor-phase polymerized counterparts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Polymerization Method on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Pathway on PEDOT

Kerr

Pozo‐Gonzalo

Forsyth

et al. 2013

ECS Electrochemistry Letters

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The influence of the polymerization method of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), namely vapor-phase polymerization (VPP-PEDOT) or electrodeposition (EP-PEDOT), on the electrocatalytic properties is herein reported. Rotating disk electrode and rotating ring-disk electrode studies in alkaline conditions have shown that as the electrode potential is scanned in the negative direction the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on VPP-PEDOT undergoes a transition from a 2-electron pathway to a 4-electron pathway at −0.45 V (vs Ag/AgCl). In contrast, the ORR proceeds only by the 2-electron pathway on EP-PEDOT.Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene) (PEDOT) has emerged as an alternative cathode catalyst material to platinum since the discovery by Winther-Jensen et al. of its ability to effectively catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). 1 Here it was shown that PEDOT catalyzes the ORR most effectively under alkaline conditions, making it particularly attractive for alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) and metal-air batteries. It was suggested that the ORR followed a 4-electron pathway, however, a report was recently published in 2012 stating that the ORR proceeds via the 2-electron process on electrodeposited PEDOT. 2 The ORR is able to proceed via two overall pathways; the 'direct' and the 'series' pathways. The direct pathway sees the complete reduction of oxygen via a 4-electron step to form hydroxides in basic media (Eq. 1)The 'series' pathway in basic media involves two successive 2-electron processes, which proceed via a hydrogen peroxide anion intermediate to give hydroxides (Eqs. 2 and 3).Both the choice of counter-ion present during electrodeposition 3,4 and the electrodeposition potential 5,6 have been shown to play an important role in regards to the structure and properties of electrodeposited films. However, there are no reported works to date that have investigated the influence of the polymerization technique on the pathway of electrocatalytic reactions on conducting polymer electrodes. ExperimentalAll voltammetric experiments were performed using a Biologic VMP3/Z multi-channel potentiostat and a RRDE-3A rotating ringdisk electrode (RRDE) apparatus (ALS Co., Ltd, Japan). The RRDE and RDE measurements were taken with an electrode composed of a Pt ring (0.188 cm 2 area) electrode and a glassy carbon (GC) disk electrode (4 mm diameter, 0.126 cm 2 area). A Pt wire counter electrode and Ag/AgCl (NaCl(aq), 3 mol dm −3 ) (both from ALS Co., Ltd, Japan) reference electrode were used throughout. All potentials are stated in reference to Ag/AgCl. Deionized water (Millipore SuperQ system, resistivity 18.2 M cm) was used to prepare all electrolyte solutions. All voltammetric experiments were performed at 20 ± 1 • C.The solution for PEDOT electrodeposition was prepared by dissolving 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT, Yacoo) to a concentration of 5 × 10 −2 mol dm −3 in a water-ethanol (60:40) solution containing sodium para-toluenesulfonate (NaPTS, 0.1 mol dm −3 , Aldrich) as * Electrochemical Society Active Member. z E-mail: Rober...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Polymerization Method on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Pathway on PEDOT

Kerr

Pozo‐Gonzalo

Forsyth

et al. 2013

ECS Electrochemistry Letters

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“…Both I‐V characteristics and time characteristics of the laser‐etched transistor are comparable in terms of electrical performance and signal amplification ability to similar devices reported elsewhere fabricated by photolithography indicating that the laser patterning method is not influencing the transistor performance. Maximum transconductance value in neutral pH electrolyte was 63 µS (equals to 315 µS/mm normalized to the channel width, at the gate voltage of 0.3V for a 0.5V drain voltage) which is relatively high compared to the typical values obtained from PEDOT based OECTs …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Patterning of conducting layers on breathable substrates using laser engraving for gas sensors

Kolodziejczyk

Winther‐Jensen

Pereira

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Most of the techniques used for micro and nano‐patterning currently are of high quality and reproducibility, but they require expensive equipment and involve many time‐consuming steps to achieve the desired results. We herein report a patterning method of conducting layers on breathable substrates using a fast, simple, and mask‐less laser engraving technique. A resolution in the range of 30 μm has been successfully achieved in this report. The method is fast and the pattern can be easily changed or redesigned within a few minutes. The patterning time for a 25 cm2 sample is approximately 3 minutes. In comparison, patterning a sample of the same size using photolithography requires up to 4 hours. In this manuscript, we describe the laser patterning process, how to improve the patterning resolution, the calibration steps involved as well as an application for organic electrochemical transistors as gas sensors for detecting oxygen or sulphur dioxide. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42359.

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“…Vapor phase polymerization was developed in the 1980s and has since been used widely as a method for synthesis of PEDOT:TOS ( Figure 2b). [31][32][33] However, the use of PEDOT:TOS in microfabricated devices has not been extensively explored and would require development of methods for controlling deposition at the micron scale. 28 30 To improve adhesion to substrates, a priming process can make the substrates hydrophobic, making it difficult for the water and electrolytes to penetrate underneath and lift the film.…”

Section: Vapor Phase Polymerized Pedot:tosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Jimison et al31 Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. From Jimison et al31 Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biofunctionalization of polydioxythiophene derivatives for biomedical applications

et al. 2016

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The polydioxythiophenes PEDOT and more recently ProDOT have emerged as champion materials in the field of organic bioelectronics, both in the domain of biosensing and also for integration with living cells (both in vitro and in vivo). Although polydioxythiophenes in their pristine forms have shown great promise for bioelectronics, in order to broaden the spectrum of applications, a biofunctionalization step is essential. In this review we summarise the methods that have been used thus far to biofunctionalize polydioxythiophenes in an effort to improve the biotic/abiotic interface. We provide an introduction to this class of materials, focusing particularly on the different methods of synthesis (chemical oxidative polymerization, vapor phase polymerization or direct electrochemical polymerization) and discuss the implications of synthesis on biofunctionalization. Rather than provide an exhaustive review, we chose to highlight key examples of biofunctionalization techniques for polydioxythiophenes for specific biomedical applications. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion of the importance of biofunctionalization methods in future bioelectronics applications, and some ideas for future directions in this field. Figure 1: Structures of polydioxythiophene monomers and dopants. a) structure of EDOT monomer and modified EDOT with different pendant groups (carboxyl shown). b) structure of ProDOT monomer and modified ProDOT with different pendant groups (ProDOT-ene shown) c) Usual dopants such as polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) polymer, tosylate (TOS) monomer, and perchlorate monomer CPs came to the forefront in 1976 with research done by Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa and Alan Heeger, and have since been shown to display many desirable characteristics for a variety of applications. 3,4 An important example is their mixed conductivity; In CPs, electrons move primarily along the conjugated backbone of the polymer, but charge hopping between chains also occurs. CPs typically have an open microstructure that allows for facile ionic transport. This mixed (electronic and ionic) conductivity has been shown to be very useful for certain biomedical applications. 5 The most frequently used CPs for biomedical applications include polypyrrole, polyaniline and polythiophenes. 6 Although polypyrrole lead

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PEDOT:TOS with PEG: a biofunctional surface with improved electronic characteristics

Cited by 46 publications

References 51 publications

Influence of the Polymerization Method on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Pathway on PEDOT

Influence of the Polymerization Method on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Pathway on PEDOT

Patterning of conducting layers on breathable substrates using laser engraving for gas sensors

Biofunctionalization of polydioxythiophene derivatives for biomedical applications

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