Peekaboo: A new look at infants' perception of emotion expressions.

Montague, Diane P. F.; Walker-Andrews, Arlene S.

doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.6.826

Cited by 141 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…in infant-directed speech. A training tape was provided by Montague and Walker-Andrews (1999), which has been used as a training tape and stimuli in previous experiments (Kahana-Kalman & WalkerAndrews, 2001;Montague & Walker-Andrews, 2001. The tape consists of an actress who is familiar with the Facial Action Coding System (Ekman & Friesen, 1978) and has previous experience in presenting dynamic facial expressions displaying happy, sad, and angry audiovisual affective expressions.…”

Section: Experiments 1: the Development Of Sensitivity To Affect In Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of infant discrimination of affect in multimodal and unimodal stimulation: The role of intersensory redundancy.

Flom

Bahrick

2007

Developmental Psychology

302

249

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This research examined the developmental course of infants' ability to perceive affect in bimodal (audiovisual) and unimodal (auditory and visual) displays of a woman speaking. According to the intersensory redundancy hypothesis (L. E. Bahrick, R. Lickliter, & R. , detection of amodal properties is facilitated in multimodal stimulation and attenuated in unimodal stimulation. Later in development, however, attention becomes more flexible, and amodal properties can be perceived in both multimodal and unimodal stimulation. The authors tested these predictions by assessing 3-, 4-, 5-, and 7-month-olds' discrimination of affect. Results demonstrated that in bimodal stimulation, discrimination of affect emerged by 4 months and remained stable across age. However, in unimodal stimulation, detection of affect emerged gradually, with sensitivity to auditory stimulation emerging at 5 months and visual stimulation at 7 months. Further temporal synchrony between faces and voices was necessary for younger infants' discrimination of affect. Across development, infants first perceive affect in multimodal stimulation through detecting amodal properties, and later their perception of affect is extended to unimodal auditory and visual stimulation. Implications for social development, including joint attention and social referencing, are considered. Keywords infant perception; intersensory redundancy; intersensory perception; multimodal perception; emotion perception Young infants and adults perceive a world of unitary and cohesive objects and events even though they encounter a continuously changing array of visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile stimulation. The information available to the sensory systems that specifies properties of objects and events is of two kinds: amodal and modality specific. Amodal information (e.g., texture, rhythm, tempo, and intensity) is not specific to one sense modality as it can be conveyed redundantly across multiple sense modalities (J. J. Gibson, 1966Gibson, , 1979. In contrast, information that is modality specific (e.g., color, visual pattern, pitch, etc.) is specific to a single sense modality and cannot be conveyed redundantly across multiple sense modalities. Most events, such as a bouncing ball, provide both modality-specific and amodal information. That is, the ball provides color and pattern information that can only be specified visually and amodal information such as the tempo and rhythm of the bounces that can be redundantly specified in acoustic as well as visual stimulation.Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to Ross Flom, Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602. E-mail: E-mail: flom@byu.edu. A portion of these data was presented at the Society for Research in Child Development, Tampa, Florida, April 2003. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptResearchers have demonstrated that one of the earliest and perhaps most important perceptual competencies is infants' sen...

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Section: Experiments 1: the Development Of Sensitivity To Affect In Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of infant discrimination of affect in multimodal and unimodal stimulation: The role of intersensory redundancy.

Flom

Bahrick

2007

Developmental Psychology

302

249

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is also evidence to suggest that infants are sensitive to facial expressions from a very early age (Montague and Walker-Andrews 2001), as they are to biological motion (eg Arterberry and Bornstein 2001). However, what is unknown is whether or not infants are sensitive to the motion component of these facial expressions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants' Discrimination of Faces by Using Biological Motion Cues

Spencer

O’Brien²,

Johnston

et al. 2006

Perception

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We report two experiments in which we used animated averaged faces to examine infants' ability to perceive and discriminate facial motion. The faces were generated by using the motion recorded from the faces of volunteers while they spoke. We tested infants aged 4–8 months to assess their ability to discriminate facial motion sequences (condition 1) and discriminate the faces of individuals (condition 2). Infants were habituated to one sequence with the motion of one actor speaking one phrase. Following habituation, infants were presented with the same sequence together with motion from a different actor (condition 1), or a new sequence from the same actor coupled with a new sequence from a new actor (condition 2). Infants demonstrated a significant preference for the novel actor in both experiments. These findings suggest that infants can not only discriminate complex and subtle biological motion cues but also detect invariants in such displays.

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“…My colleagues and I have conducted several experiments targeting such effects. In one study (Montague & Walker-Andrews, 2001), infants were shown facial and vocal expressions (happy, sad, fearful, and angry) in the context of a game of peek-a-boo. Peek-aboo provides infants with a rich, natural context in which there is substantial spatial-temporal structure.…”

Section: The Perception Of Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peekaboo: A new look at infants' perception of emotion expressions.

Cited by 141 publications

References 56 publications

The development of infant discrimination of affect in multimodal and unimodal stimulation: The role of intersensory redundancy.

The development of infant discrimination of affect in multimodal and unimodal stimulation: The role of intersensory redundancy.

Infants' Discrimination of Faces by Using Biological Motion Cues

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