Peer ethnic/racial socialization in adolescence: Current knowledge and future directions

Wang, Yijie; Lin, Shi-Hsin

doi:10.1002/icd.2409

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Previous literature highlights the utility of college students as agents of racial socialization as they process and communicate racial messages, practices, values, and experiences (Barr & Neville, 2014;Golden et al, 2022;Hughes et al, 2011;Nelson et al, 2018). Furthermore, some studies have suggested that PRS is linked to an increase in Black adolescents and emerging adults' (including college students) sense of self, psychological adjustment, sociopolitical development, and coping with racial discrimination (Wang & Lin, 2023). However, few studies have considered the role of increasingly ubiquitous digital landscapes as a critical context for Black adolescents and emerging adults to exchange racial socialization messages with Black peers (Ruck et al, 2021;Sladek et al, 2022) despite the established normality of digital media in the lives of Black youth (Lenhart et al, 2015).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Black college students navigating digital environments: A qualitative analysis of peer racial socialization.

Garrett,

Golden,

Gibson

2024

Psychology of Popular Media

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This qualitative study examined how Black college students use digital media for peer racial socialization (PRS) within digital environments (e.g., social media, text messaging, and online). Participants were 20 Black undergraduate students between the ages 18 and 25, attending a predominantly White institution. Using the thematic analysis approach, in-depth individual interviews were coded using inductive methods. PRS was revealed to occur in multiple ways, including (a) cultural socialization, (b) cultivating community, (c) processing discrimination, and (d) encouraging resilience. Findings highlight the significance of digital media in supporting social development among Black college students. These results highlight need for continued scholarship examining the processes underlying PRS across multiple domains, and understanding how Black college students are agents supporting their own racial socialization and healthy development with digital media. Public Policy Relevance StatementFindings suggest that digital landscapes offer valuable opportunities for peer racial socialization (PRS) among Black college students. Individual interviews reveal that there are multiple ways by which PRS occurs (i.e., cultural socialization, cultivating community, processing discrimination, and encouraging resilience).

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Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Black college students navigating digital environments: A qualitative analysis of peer racial socialization.

Garrett,

Golden,

Gibson

2024

Psychology of Popular Media

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“…A growing body of research suggests that peers also communicate messages regarding race and racism to each other, highlighting peers as a potential source of children's racial learning and knowledge (Wang & Lin 2023). Peers become increasingly important for well-being and selfperception during middle childhood and adolescence: Peer norms, peer ideas, peer acceptance, and peer support are critically important for youths' well-being and positive adaptation.…”

Section: Peers As Sources Of Youths' Racial Learning and Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peer racial socialization occurs in the course of youths' everyday interactions but is distinct from parental racial socialization in several ways (Wang & Lin 2023). It occurs across multiple settings, including classrooms, lunchrooms, baseball fields, and extracurricular activities; it occurs in multiple forms that may not be deliberate or constructive; and it can occur from cross-race and same-race individuals.…”

Section: Summary Of Peer Racial Socializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Up, Learning Race: An Integration of Research on Cognitive Mechanisms and Socialization in Context

Hughes,

Cox,

Das

2023

Annu. Rev. Dev. Psychol.

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In the United States, race is a critical factor in determining how children experience and navigate their social worlds. Developmental scientists have examined the complexities and nuances of how children develop an understanding of what race means for them and others as well as their attitudes toward people of other racial groups. We provide an overview of the literature in two approaches to understanding children's racial learning—sociocognitive approaches, which focus on various aspects of children's understanding of, beliefs about, and attitudes toward race and racial groups, and socialization perspectives, which examine the messages that socialization agents transmit to children about race. Throughout, we highlight the ways in which the persistence of structural and interpersonal racism in the United States forms the background context for children's racial learning. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 5 is December 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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A Person-Centered Analysis of Adolescent Multicultural Socialization Niches and Academic Functioning

Hernández

Safa

Kornienko

et al. 2023

J. Youth Adolescence

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Despite the growing cultural diversity worldwide, there is scarce research on how socialization processes prepare youth to respond to increasing multicultural demands and the degree to which these socialization opportunities inform youth academic functioning. This study used a person-centered approach to identify profiles or niches based on the degree and consistency of multicultural socialization experiences across school, peer, and family settings and to examine the associations between identified niches and markers of academic functioning (i.e., emotional and behavioral academic engagement, academic aspirations and expectations) in a sample of adolescents (N = 717; Mage = 13.73 years). Participants (49.9% girls) were from the U.S. Southwest and represented multiple ethno-racial backgrounds (31.8% Hispanic/Latinx, 31.5% Multiethnic, 25.7% White, 7.3% Black or African American, 1.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1.4% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 1% Arab, Middle Eastern, or North African). Six distinct multicultural socialization niches were identified. Three niches had similar patterns across school-peer-family but ranged in the degree of socialization. The cross-setting similar higher socialization niche (Niche 6) demonstrated greater socialization than the cross-setting similar moderate (Niche 5) and lower socialization (Niche 4) niches, which had moderate and lower socialization, respectively. Three niches demonstrated cross-setting dissimilarity which ranged in the type of cross-setting contrast and the degree of socialization. The cross-setting dissimilar school contrast socialization niche (Niche 3) had greater dissimilarities between socialization opportunities in the school setting compared to the peer and family settings and demonstrated the lowest levels of socialization of all niches. The other two niches, the cross-setting dissimilar peer contrast (Niche 1) and greater peer contrast socialization (Niche 2) niches had larger dissimilarities between socialization opportunities in the peer setting than the school and family settings. In the former, however, the contrast was lower, and socialization ranged between very low to low. In the latter, the contrast was higher and socialization ranged from very low to moderate. Most adolescents were in the cross-setting similar lower socialization niche or in the cross-setting dissimilar niches. Adolescents in the cross-setting similar higher multicultural socialization demonstrated greater emotional and behavioral academic engagement than adolescents in most of the other niches. Adolescents in the cross-setting dissimilar school contrast niches demonstrated lower emotional and behavioral academic engagement and lower academic expectations than adolescents in some of the other niches. The results emphasize the collective role of school, peer, and family multicultural socialization on emotional and behavioral academic engagement.

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Peer ethnic/racial socialization in adolescence: Current knowledge and future directions

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Black college students navigating digital environments: A qualitative analysis of peer racial socialization.

Black college students navigating digital environments: A qualitative analysis of peer racial socialization.

Growing Up, Learning Race: An Integration of Research on Cognitive Mechanisms and Socialization in Context

A Person-Centered Analysis of Adolescent Multicultural Socialization Niches and Academic Functioning

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