Peer Passengers: How Do They Affect Teen Crashes?

Curry, Allison E.; Mirman, Jessica Hafetz; Kallan, Michael J.; Winston, Flaura Koplin; Durbin, Dennis R.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.10.016

Cited by 97 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Their crashes may be a product of lacking an appreciation of potential consequences of risk taking or purposefully taking risks (Simons-Morton, Ouimet, Zhang, Klauer, Lee, Wang, Chen, Albert, & Dingus, 2011a; Williams, 2003). Factors associated with increased fatal crash risk for adolescents include being male (Williams, 2003) and the presence of young passengers (Curry, Mirman, Kallan, Winston, & Durbin, 2012; Ouimet, Simons-Morton, & Zador, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer passenger norms and pressure: Experimental effects on simulated driving among teenage males

Bingham

Simons-Morton

Pradhan

et al. 2016

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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Objective Serious crashes are more likely when teenage drivers have teenage passengers. One likely source of this increased risk is social influences on driving performance. This driving simulator study experimentally tested the effects of peer influence (i.e., risk-accepting compared to risk-averse peer norms reinforced by pressure) on the driving risk behavior (i.e., risky driving behavior and inattention to hazards) of male teenagers. It was hypothesized that peer presence would result in greater driving risk behavior (i.e., increased driving risk and reduced latent hazard anticipation), and that the effect would be greater when the peer was risk-accepting. Methods Fifty-three 16- and 17-year-old male participants holding a provisional U.S., State of Michigan driver license were randomized to either a risk-accepting or risk-averse condition. Each participant operated a driving simulator while alone and separately with a confederate peer passenger. The simulator world included scenarios designed to elicit variation in driving risk behavior with a teen passenger present in the vehicle. Results Significant interactions of passenger presence (passenger present vs. alone) by risk condition (risk-accepting vs. risk-averse) were observed for variables measuring: failure to stop at yellow light intersections (Incident Rate Ratio (IRR)=2.16; 95% Confidence Interval [95CI]=1.06, 4.43); higher probability of overtaking (IRR=10.17; 95CI=1.43, 73.35); shorter left turn latency (IRR=0.43; 95CI=0.31,0.60); and, failure to stop at an intersection with an occluded stop sign (IRR=7.90; 95CI=2.06,30.35). In all cases, greater risky driving by participants was more likely with a risk-accepting passenger versus a risk-averse passenger present and a risk-accepting passenger present versus driving alone. Conclusions Exposure of male teenagers to a risk-accepting confederate peer passenger who applied peer influence increased simulated risky driving behavior compared with exposure to a risk-averse confederate peer passenger or driving alone. These results are consistent with the contention that variability in teenage risky driving is in part explained by social influences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer passenger norms and pressure: Experimental effects on simulated driving among teenage males

Bingham

Simons-Morton

Pradhan

et al. 2016

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Driving safely is a complex undertaking that requires routine execution of good judgment and skill, which can be cognitively demanding for novices and develop only gradually over years of driving experience (Groeger, 2000; Twisk & Stacey, 2007; Williams, 2003). Therefore, novice teenage drivers, particularly males, are at especially high crash risk in the most demanding driving conditions, such as at night (Williams, 2003), while engaged in secondary tasks (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2009), and in the presence of teenage passengers (Curry, Mirman, Kallan, Winston, & Durbin, 2012; Ouimet et al, 2010). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental effects of injunctive norms on simulated risky driving among teenage males.

et al. 2014

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Objective Teenage passengers affect teenage driving performance, possibly by social influence. To examine the effect of social norms on driving behavior, male teenagers were randomly assigned to drive in a simulator with a peer-aged confederate to whom participants were primed to attribute either risk-accepting or risk-averse social norms. It was hypothesized that teenage drivers would engage in more risky driving behavior in the presence of peer passengers than no passengers, and with a risk-accepting compared with a risk-averse passenger. Method 66 male participants aged 16 to18 years holding a provisional driver license were randomized to drive with a risk-accepting or risk-averse passenger in a simulator. Failure to Stop at a red light and percent Time in Red (light) were measured as primary risk-relevant outcomes of interest at 18 intersections, while driving once alone and once with their assigned passenger. Results The effect of passenger presence on risky driving was moderated by passenger type for Failed to Stop in a generalized linear mixed model (OR = 1.84, 95% CI [1.19, 2.86], p < .001), and percent Time in Red in a mixed model (B = 7.71, 95% CI [1.54, 13.87], p < .05). Conclusions Exposure of teenage males to a risk-accepting confederate peer increased teenage males’ risky simulated driving behavior compared with exposure to a risk-averse confederate peer. These results indicate that variability in teenage risky driving could be partially explained by social norms.

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“…Similar to young drivers' habits around the world, young ultraorthodox men tend to drive in groups of friends, which in itself is a trigger for heightened risk (Chen et al, 2000;Curry et al, 2012;Fleiter et al, 2006;Simons-Morton et al, 2011Winston et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies reveal that friends encourage risky behavior and distraction while driving (Allen & Brown, 2008;Curry, Mirman, Kallan, Winston, & Durbin, 2012;Sumter, Bokhorst, Steinberg, & Westenberg, 2009), and there is clear evidence that the presence of two passengers doubles the risk of driving and is greatest when three or more passengers, especially young men, are in the car (Chen, Baker, Braver, & Li, 2000;Curry et al, 2012;Fleiter, Watson, Lennon, & Lewis, 2006;Simons-Morton et al, 2011Winston et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%