Peer Reviewed: Ion Mobility Spectrometers in National Defense

Eiceman, Gary A.; Stone, John A.

doi:10.1021/ac041665c

Cited by 327 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…They include dye solubility (detection paper), enzymatic reaction, gas-solid-phase reaction, surface acoustic wave (SAW), flame photometry (FPD), and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) [1][2][3][4]. These detectors, although small and relatively easy to use in the field, offer only limited chemical specificity and sensitivity, and they are prone to false-positive responses [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand-portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (GC-TMS) for detection of hazardous compounds

Contreras

Murray

Tolley³

et al. 2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

241

156

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A novel gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) based on a miniature toroidal ion trap mass analyzer (TMS) and a low thermal mass GC is described. The TMS system has an effective mass/charge (m/z) range of 50-442 with mass resolution at full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of 0.55 at m/z 91 and 0.80 at m/z 222. A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber mounted in a simple syringe-style holder is used for sample collection and introduction into a specially designed low thermal mass GC injection port. This portable GC-TMS system weighs <13 kg (28 lb), including batteries and helium carrier gas cartridge, and is totally self-contained within dimensions of 47 X 36 X 18 em (18.5 X 14 X 7 in.). System start-up takes about 3 min and sample analysis with library matching typically takes about 5 min, including time for column cool-down. Peak power consumption during sample analysis is about 80 W. Battery power and helium supply cartridges allow 50 and 100 consecutive analyses, respectively. Both can be easily replaced. An on-board library of target analytes is used to provide detection and identification of chemical compounds based on their characteristic retention times and mass spectra. The GC-TMS can detect 200 pg of methyl salicylate on-column. n-Butylbenzene and naphthalene can be detected at a concentration of 100 ppt in water from solid-phase microextraction (SPME) analysis of the headspace. The GC-TMS system has been designed to easily make measurements in a variety of complex and harsh environments. and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), is a concern, the ability to rapidly detect and accurately identify such chemicals in harsh environments is of great utility. There is a need for field-portable, selective, and sensitive detectors for military and emergency first-responder operations and for on-site environmental contamination measurement, to mention only a couple of key applications. The development of fieldportable devices directed toward fast, on-site analysis is one of the most active research areas in analytical chemistry.Currently, several approaches for detection of CWAs and TICs are utilized by military personnel, first responders, and environmental scientists. They include dye solubility (detection paper), enzymatic reaction,

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand-portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (GC-TMS) for detection of hazardous compounds

Contreras

Murray

Tolley³

et al. 2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

241

156

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“…12 Explosives are commonly identified using colorimetry, 13 UV-absorption spectroscopy, 14,15 laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), 16,17 immunoassay, 18 ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), [19][20][21][22][23] and mass spectrometry (ion trap and time-of-flight (TOF)). [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] It should be noted that research into explosives detection is performed on gas, liquid, and/or solid phase explosives, and that the sampling methods and concepts of operation vary widely between the different techniques.…”

Section: Trace Explosive Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of single particle aerosol mass spectrometry for the detection and identification of high explosives and chemical warfare agents

Martin

2006

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were also analyzed, and peaks due to the explosive components of each sample were present in each spectrum. Mass spectral variability with laser fluence is discussed. The ability of the SPAMS system to identify explosive components in a single complex explosive particle (~1 pg) without the need for consumables is demonstrated.SPAMS was also applied to the detection of Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) simulants in the liquid and vapor phases. Liquid simulants for sarin, cyclosarin, tabun, and VX were analyzed; peaks indicative of each simulant were identified. Vapor phase CWA simulants were adsorbed onto alumina, silica, Zeolite, activated carbon, and metal powders which were directly analyzed using SPAMS. The use of metal powders as adsorbent materials was especially useful in the analysis of triethyl phosphate (TEP), a VX stimulant, which was undetectable using SPAMS in the liquid phase. The capability of SPAMS to detect high explosives and CWA simulants using one set of operational conditions is established.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been successfully applied to the field analysis and detection of a wide variety of analytes of forensic interest, including drugs and explosives. About 10,000 IMS instruments have been installed for civilian security purposes and many more for military use, including those deployed as handheld devices (18,19). These instruments provide fast and inexpensive presumptive testing of explosive particles from surface swabs.…”

Section: Ignitable Liquid Residues and Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Chemistry Education

Almirall

2005

Anal. Chem.

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W as a crime committed, and if so, who committed it? What is the evidence that links the individual with the event? When and where did the crime take place? What happened, and how did it happen? What is the significance of the physical evidence? Forensic scientists must answer some, if not all, of these questions. Improvements in selectivity and detection limits of analytical methods have led to progress in the forensic analysis of a variety of evidence, including drugs and explosives, as well as material transferred from the criminal to the victim or the crime scene. In the context of terrorism, Analytical Chemistry has recently showcased forensic chemistry applications that can be used to prevent catastrophic events by detecting explosives and biohazards (1, 2).Several specific scientific developments in the mid-1980s and their application in widely publicized cases, combined with recent popular television shows, have focused a great deal of attention on forensic science. This exposure has increased undergraduate and graduate students' interest in forensic chemistry, and many colleges and universities in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have developed new academic programs. A recent survey of academic institutions revealed that more than 90 U.S. colleges and universities claim to offer a program of study in forensic science (3). Much of this growth has occurred during the past 10-15 years. A problem of numbersIn 1985, Sir Alec Jeffreys first introduced the now widely used technique of DNA fingerprinting, which can link DNA found at a crime scene with a suspect (4). Equally important were the advances in biochemistry and analytical chemistry, including Kary Mullis's development in that same year of

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Peer Reviewed: Ion Mobility Spectrometers in National Defense

Cited by 327 publications

References 18 publications

Hand-portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (GC-TMS) for detection of hazardous compounds

Hand-portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (GC-TMS) for detection of hazardous compounds

The application of single particle aerosol mass spectrometry for the detection and identification of high explosives and chemical warfare agents

Forensic Chemistry Education

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