This paper can be cited using the date of access and the unique DOI number which can be found in the footnotes. from a large target audience. The tension between these factors will need to be resolved by the committee through the instructional design process. Edgar Dale's original "Cone of Experience" model, published in 1946, is a useful framework for selecting educational modalities 42 (Fig. 5). Though the modes of education are dated, the concept of moving from abstract to progressively more concrete modes of education is still FIGURE 3. Tracheostomy management cognitive aid.