“…In eight studies, trainees gained insight into their own recovery (Blixen et al, 2015;Hegedüs et al, 2016Hegedüs et al, , 2021King et al, 2009;Simpson et al, 2014;Toikko, 2016;Tse et al, 2014;Wolf, 2014) and in five studies, experienced personal gains from helping others (King et al, 2009;Tse et al, 2014;Weeks et al, 2006;Willging et al, 2016;Wolf, 2014). In four studies, some psychological wellbeing measures such as mental health, quality of life, anxiety or stress, locus of control and self-esteem remained stable or improved but this pre-to-post change was not significant (Hegedüs et al, 2021;Joo et al, 2018;Meehan et al, 2002;Tse et al, 2014).…”