Peer Tutoring in Elementary and Secondary Programs

Abstract

The task facing professionals who teach ' students with handicaps is clear enoughhow to raise achievement rates and thereby reduce the discrepancy between handicapped children and their peers. Teachers with whom we have talked are confident they could teach almost anything to almost anyone, if they had the time. A student who requires 80 repetitions of a rule before applying it consistently has a problem only if the teacher does not have enough time to provide the repetitions. Of course, time spent with this student is probably time taken away from other students who already have learned the rule, or who are at an earlier spot in the curriculum. Whether, or when, a particular student learns a rule will probably not be determined by the teacher's ability to teach but, rather, by the teacher's available time. The pr:oblem of having sufficient time for teaching is a function of class size and of the varieties of human differences found in schools.Data gathered in elementary classrooms have identified "academic engaged time" as a highly significant correlate of achievement-one that distinguishes classrooms that produce above and below average achievement levels. Berliner, Fisher, Filby, and Marlieve (1976) have described academic learning time as the time a studentspends engaged in academically relevant tasks that are moderately difficult. Academic engaged time is not the same as allotted instructional time. A typical elementafy classroom allots from 90 minutes to 2 hours daily to language ~rts instruction. Qbservations of what the students do during this period, however, reveal that far fewer•rilinutes are actually spent engaged in a learning task. ,

Effects Of Reciprocal Peer Tutoring On Student Performance In An Environmental Control Systems Course At An Undergraduate Level

“…Peer tutoring is a cooperative learning strategy that capitalizes on the benefits students receive from preparing to tutor one another. It has been found to be an effective technique for increasing students' academic achievement 1,2,3 . Literature indicates that both the tutors and tutees attain a better understanding of the materials by participating in the process 4,5 .…”

La tutoría entre iguales en matemáticas. Estado de la cuestión y análisis de su impacto en el rendimiento académico del alumnado de educación secundaria

“…Así pues, estas son algunas de las cuestiones que consideramos más relevantes de las diferentes publicaciones que se presentan en esta tesis doctoral. En las siguientes páginas se aportan research in primary education tends to show better results than those in secondary education (Jenkins and Jenkins, 1985). However, there are practically no studies that prove the differences in effects between primary and secondary education under The specific objectives are defined bellow:…”