Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms Among Post-Institutionalized, Internationally Adopted Youth

Pitula, Clio; Thomas, Kathleen M.; Armstrong, Jeffrey M.; Essex, Marilyn J.; Crick, Nicki R.; Gunnar, Megan R.

doi:10.1007/s10802-014-9855-z

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the present study, the group differences described above were not noted using parent report. Previous studies using parent report have noted that parents rated PI children as exhibiting more social problems than NA and earlier adopted youth (e.g., Fisher et al., ; Gunnar et al., ; Pitula et al., ). However, in the majority of those studies, PI children were older than those in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Beginning in early childhood, positive peer interactions and later the establishment of peer friendships become critical developmental tasks (Hartup & Moore, ), which predict later psychological and behavioral adjustment (e.g., Reijntjes, Kamphuis, Prinzie, & Telch, ). PI youth, especially those who have experienced longer durations of adverse care, are reported to experience more social problems (e.g., Gunnar, van Dulmen, & International Adoption Project Team, ; Hawk & McCall, ; Pitula et al., ) including difficulties forming and maintaining friends (Almas et al., ; Hodges & Tizard, ). However, very little is known about the peer relationships of PI adoptees in early childhood, particularly using observational instruments rather than parental report.…”

Section: Peer Relationship Functioning In Pi Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peer Problems Among Postinstitutionalized, Internationally Adopted Children: Relations to Hypocortisolism, Parenting Quality, and ADHD Symptoms

et al. 2017

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Seventy-eight postinstitutionalized (PI) children adopted at ages 17-36 months were assessed 2, 8, 16, and 24 months postadoption on measures of cortisol and parenting quality, and compared to same-aged children adopted from foster care (FC, n = 45) and nonadopted children (NA, n = 45). In kindergarten (M = 6.0 years), teachers, parents, and trained observers completed measures of peer relationships and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. PI children had more peer problems and ADHD symptoms according to teachers and observers than NA children with FC children in between, whereas both PI and FC children were at significantly greater risk of hypocortisolism (i.e., blunted cortisol diurnal rhythm and reactivity). Hypocortisolism and ADHD symptoms mediated the association between preadoption adversity and peer difficulties. Higher postadoption parenting quality was protective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Peer Relationship Functioning In Pi Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Problems Among Postinstitutionalized, Internationally Adopted Children: Relations to Hypocortisolism, Parenting Quality, and ADHD Symptoms

et al. 2017

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“…One study suggests that responsiveness in parenting acts as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between parent depressive symptoms and conduct problems in children with ADHD [45]. Several studies in families of children with ADHD have found that currently depressed mothers face more parenting challenges relative to non-depressed mothers and that they are more susceptible to child characteristics which can affect the quality of parent–child relationships [46–48]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal psychopathology and offspring clinical outcome: a four-year follow-up of boys with ADHD

Agha

Zammit

Thapar

et al. 2016

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Previous cross-sectional research has shown that parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high rates of psychopathology, especially ADHD and depression. However, it is not clear whether different types of parent psychopathology contribute to the course and persistence of ADHD in the child over time. The aim of this two wave study was to investigate if mother self-reported ADHD and depression influence persistence of offspring ADHD and conduct disorder symptom severity in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in childhood. A sample of 143 males with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD participated in this study. ADHD and conduct disorder symptoms were assessed at baseline and reassessed 4 years later. The boys in this sample had a mean age of 10.7 years at Time 1 (SD 2.14, range 6–15 years) and 13.73 years at Time 2 (SD 1.74, range 10–17 years). Questionnaire measures were used to assess ADHD and depression symptoms in mothers at Time 1. Mother self-reported ADHD was not associated with a change in child ADHD or conduct symptom severity over time. Mother self-reported depression was found to predict an increase in child conduct disorder symptoms, but did not contribute to ADHD symptom levels. This study provides the first evidence that concurrent depression in mothers may be a predictor of worsening conduct disorder symptoms in adolescents with ADHD. It may, therefore, be important to screen for depression in mothers of children with ADHD in clinical practice to tailor interventions accordingly.

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“…The teacher version of the HBQ was used in the BEIP previously at age 8 years (Tibu et al, 2016), as well as in other studies with formerly institutionalized children (Wiik et al, 2011; Pitula et al, 2014). Symptoms are rated on a 3-point Likert scale: 0 (“never or not true”), 1 (“sometimes true”) or 2 (“often or very true”), with higher scores indicating more severe symptomatology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Working Memory Mediates the Link between Early Institutional Rearing and Symptoms of ADHD at 12 Years

Tibu¹,

Sheridan

McLaughlin

et al. 2016

Front. Psychol.

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Children who are raised in institutions show severe delays across multiple domains of development and high levels of psychopathology, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Low performance in executive functions (EFs) are also common in institutionally reared children and often do not remediate following improvements in the caregiving environment. ADHD symptomatology also remains elevated even after children are removed from institutional care and placed in families. We investigate whether poor EF is a mechanism explaining elevated rates of ADHD in children reared in institutional settings in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP). In the current study, we examine the potentially mediating role of poor EF in the association between institutionalization and symptoms of ADHD at age 12 years. A total of 107 children were assessed with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) on working memory, set-shifting and planning. We also obtained concurrent teacher reports on their levels of ADHD symptoms (inattention and impulsivity separately). Institutionalization strongly predicted elevations in symptoms of inattention and impulsivity at age 12 years (ps < 0.01). Indices of working memory and planning were also associated with ADHD after controlling for potential confounders (ps < 0.03). Mediation analyses revealed that poor working memory performance mediated the link between exposure to early institutionalization and higher scores of both inattention and impulsivity. These results replicate and extend the findings that we reported in the BEIP sample at age 8 years. Together, they suggest that compromised working memory is a key mechanism that continues to explain the strikingly high levels of ADHD in late childhood among children institutionalized in early life. Interventions targeting working memory may help to prevent ADHD among children exposed to institutional care.

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Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms Among Post-Institutionalized, Internationally Adopted Youth

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

Peer Problems Among Postinstitutionalized, Internationally Adopted Children: Relations to Hypocortisolism, Parenting Quality, and ADHD Symptoms

Peer Problems Among Postinstitutionalized, Internationally Adopted Children: Relations to Hypocortisolism, Parenting Quality, and ADHD Symptoms

Maternal psychopathology and offspring clinical outcome: a four-year follow-up of boys with ADHD

Reduced Working Memory Mediates the Link between Early Institutional Rearing and Symptoms of ADHD at 12 Years

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