Peers, Tobacco Advertising, and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Influences Smoking Initiation in Diverse Adolescents

Abstract

Media, peer influence, and secondhand smoke exposure were the most important factors influencing smoking initiation and were common to all racial/ethnic groups in this study. Interventions combining targeted public awareness, education, and media campaigns directed at parents/guardians should be investigated.

A systematic review of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviors: Smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation

“…Four studies specifically measured SHSe both at home and at work (Kalkhoran et al, 2013;Kashigar et al, 2013;Skorge et al, 2007;Twose et al, 2007) while other studies only assessed for familial or home SHSe (Darling & Reeder, 2003;Hopenhayn et al, 2013;Manzoli et al, 2005). Ten studies included assessment of SHSe in vehicles (Bélanger et al, 2008;Glover et al, 2011;Homish et al, 2011;Kalkhoran et al, 2013;Schultz et al, 2013;Seo et al, 2009;Voorhees et al, 2011;Wilson-Frederick et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011). Some studies asked subjects to report if they had been close to an active smoker outside or in the same room (Homish et al, 2011;Hong et al, 2013;Seo et al, 2009;Voorhees et al, 2011).…”

“…Some studies assessed SHSe frequency through the number of days exposed (Darling & Reeder, 2003;Guindon et al, 2008;Homish et al, 2011;Veeranki et al, 2013;Voorhees et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011Wang et al, , 2012Wang et al, , 2013Yang et al, 2011) while others assessed for the total hours of SHSe (Kashigar et al, 2013;Twose et al, 2007). Still, others measured the total number of situations or sources of SHSe (Okoli et al, 2007;Racicot et al, 2011;Tyc et al, 2004).…”

“…Ten studies included assessment of SHSe in vehicles (Bélanger et al, 2008;Glover et al, 2011;Homish et al, 2011;Kalkhoran et al, 2013;Schultz et al, 2013;Seo et al, 2009;Voorhees et al, 2011;Wilson-Frederick et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011). Some studies asked subjects to report if they had been close to an active smoker outside or in the same room (Homish et al, 2011;Hong et al, 2013;Seo et al, 2009;Voorhees et al, 2011). Four studies assessed for SHSe at public places such as bars, clubs, or indoor places of leisure (Chen et al, 2009;Kalkhoran et al, 2013;Vançelik et al, 2009;Wilson-Frederick et al, 2011).…”

“…association between SHSe and smoking initiation; (Andreeva, Krasovsky, & Semenova, 2007;Becklake, Ghezzo, & Ernst, 2005;Glover et al, 2011;Voorhees et al, 2011;Wang, Ho, & Lam, 2011) ten (28.6%) examined the association between SHSe and nicotine dependence; (Bélanger et al, 2008;Grana et al, 2012;Okoli & Khara, 2014;Okoli, Rayens, & Hahn, 2007;Racicot et al, 2011;Seo et al, 2009;Vançelik, Beyhun, & Acemoğlu, 2009;Wang et al, 2012;Wilson-Frederick et al, 2011) and ten (28.6%) examined the association between SHSe and smoking cessation (Grana et al, 2012;Helgason et al, 2004;Kalkhoran et al, 2013;Kashigar et al, 2013;Manzoli et al, 2005;Okoli & Khara, 2014;Şahbaz et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2013;Wen et al, 2007).…”

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure at home and smoking prevalence in the general Portuguese population—The INAsma study

“…This may suggest that ETS exposure is a risk factor for smoking initiation. 25,33,34 Prevalence of smoking and ETS exposure in individuals with asthma or self-reported heart disease As far as we know, in Portugal, no other populationbased study has estimated the prevalence of smoking and home exposure to ETS in individuals with asthma or heart disease.…”