PEG Grafted Polystyrene Tentacle Polymers: Physico‐Chemical Properties and Application in Chemical Synthesis

Rapp, W.

doi:10.1002/9783527614912.ch16

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Important features of TentaGel resins are those derived from the high flexibility imparted by the PEG chains, which can be observed in NMR [84,85]. The reactive centers are allocated at the end of the PEG spacers and are, therefore, easily accessible.…”

Section: Tentagel Resinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…TentaGel polymers, originally developed by Bayer and Rapp [84,85], consist of a polystyrene matrix covalently coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains and were intended initially for solid-phase peptide synthesis in analogy to the polyacrylamide resins. Subsequently, TentaGel resins have found wide applications in the field of solid-supported synthesis of small molecule libraries [33,86].…”

Section: Tentagel Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid Phase and Combinatorial Chemistry in the Heterocyclic Field

Villalgordo¹

2011

Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry

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Section: Tentagel Resinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Tentagel Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Phase and Combinatorial Chemistry in the Heterocyclic Field

Villalgordo¹

2011

Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry

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“…The details of this particular polymer have been described by the manufacturer (Rapp 1996) and indicate 1 g of naked beads contains 2,890,000 particles. The peptides were synthesized by a split and mix synthesis approach as previously described (Lam et al 1991;Liu and Lam 2001).…”

Section: Construction Of Library Cleavage Intramolecular Disulfide mentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput sequencing of cyclic peptide immobilized on a gel-type single bead

Nokihara¹,

Kasama

Tominaga³

et al. 2016

Amino Acids

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Relatively larger scale peptide libraries immobilized on a gel-type solid support consisting of 24 natural and non-natural amino acids by the "split and combine method" have been constructed to find interacting molecules. The diversity was ca. 200 millions of hexapeptides with cysteinyl residues forming cyclotide. Selected beads after screening can be sequenced by the conventional Edman degradation, although several restrictions and the problems are known. To resolve these, a novel combinatorial method involving partial acid hydrolysis followed by liquid chromatography with on-line mass spectrometric analyses has been established. Problems were uncovered in an early stage of the process. Uncertain assignment caused by byproducts derived from a cystine residue and other materials could be resolved by optimal hydrolysis conditions and derivatization before mass spectrometric analysis. Discrimination between Leu and Ile could be performed using high energy collision induced dissociation in the high resolution MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. The present optimized protocol is useful for discovery of sequences of interacting molecules and a second library construction.

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“…TentaGel beads are prepared by grafting PEG chains (ϳ3 kDa) on a polystyrene matrix. 13 Both beads were cleaned from endotoxin contamination as described previously 4 and resuspended in endotoxin-free PBS. In all experiments, the residual endotoxin on the beads was equivalent to a concentration of endotoxin contamination that was less than 0.1 EU/mL, which is below the recommended maximum FDA level.…”

Section: Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material‐induced tissue factor expression but not CD11b upregulation depends on the presence of platelets

Gorbet

Sefton

2003

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Biomaterials activate leukocytes as well as platelets when exposed to blood. One feature of leukocyte activation at least at times beyond a few hours is tissue factor expression, contributing to a procoagulant state. We show here that platelet activation and specifically platelet-monocyte aggregate formation appears to be a precondition for tissue factor expression. Material-induced Tissue Factor (TF) expression by isolated leukocytes (6 x 10(6) cells/mL) resuspended in increasing concentrations of platelets in plasma was elevated when the platelet concentration was 50 x 10(6) platelets/mL or more; at lower platelet concentrations (1-25 x 10(6). cells/mL) the TF expression remained at background levels. On the other hand, significant CD11b upregulation was observed on leukocytes, in bulk and adherent to beads, at all platelet concentrations. This platelet effect on material-induced TF expression appeared to be mediated by the formation of platelet-monocyte aggregates. Anti-P-selectin, which blocked the association between platelets and leukocytes, reduced monocyte adhesion and material-induced TF expression for bulk monocytes. Anti-GPIIb/IIIa, a GPIIb/IIIa platelet antagonist, also reduced monocyte adhesion and material-induced TF expression in the bulk, most likely due to its inhibiting effect on the formation of platelet-monocyte aggregates, secondary to platelet activation. However, the antibody-associated reductions for bulk leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) were small and incomplete. Similar levels of TF expression, in the bulk, were observed with both polystyrene (PS), a strong platelet activator, and polyethylene glycol-modified PEG (PS-PEG), a mild platelet activator. The role of platelets in material-induced TF expression appears to be mediated in part via the formation of platelet-monocyte aggregates, although other mechanisms are likely also involved.

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PEG Grafted Polystyrene Tentacle Polymers: Physico‐Chemical Properties and Application in Chemical Synthesis

Cited by 54 publications

References 101 publications

Solid Phase and Combinatorial Chemistry in the Heterocyclic Field

Solid Phase and Combinatorial Chemistry in the Heterocyclic Field

High throughput sequencing of cyclic peptide immobilized on a gel-type single bead

Material‐induced tissue factor expression but not CD11b upregulation depends on the presence of platelets

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