Peg Restrained Intrinsic Muscle Evaluator (PRIME): Development, Reliability, and Normative Values of a Device to Quantify Intrinsic Hand Muscle Strength in Children

Xu, Shuai; Morse, Adrianne M.; Lacy, Brianna; Baggett, L. Scott; Gogola, Gloria R.

doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.01.006

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…McQuiddy et al 30 also found that sex is a factor influencing grip and pinch strength in children and adolescents between 6 and 19 years. Moreover, Xu et al 33 tested intrinsic hand muscle strength in children and adolescents between 4 and 16 years using the Peg Restrained Intrinsic Muscle Evaluator. This study found that males demonstrated stronger strength than females, which is consistent with our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is inconsistent with previous studies investigating grip and pinch strength in participants from preadolescent to adolescent age and intrinsic hand muscle strength in younger children. 8,30,32,33,38 It is possible that the developmental trajectories of small intrinsic muscles are different from extrinsic muscles and lead to less increase in strength through age. Similar to our findings, Dianat et al 32 found that the pinch strength was not associated with age in participants between 16 and 30 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference values of intrinsic muscle strength of the hand of adolescents and young adults

Chen

McGee

Rich

et al. 2018

Journal of Hand Therapy

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Study Design A cross-sectional clinical measurement study. Introduction Measuring intrinsic hand muscle strength helps evaluate hand function or therapeutic outcomes. However, there are no established normative values in adolescents and young adults between 13 and 20 years of age. Purpose of the Study To measure hand intrinsic muscle strength and identify associated factors that may influence such in adolescents and young adults through use of the Rotterdam intrinsic hand myometer. Methods A total of 131 participants (male: 63; female: 68) between 13 and 20 years of age completed the strength measurements of abductor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interosseus (FDI), deep head of FDI and lumbrical of second digit, flexor pollicis brevis (FPB), and abductor digiti minimi. Two trials of the measurements of each muscle were averaged for analyses. Self-reported demographic data were used to examine the influences of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on intrinsic hand muscle strength. Results Normative values of intrinsic hand muscle strength were presented by age groups (13, 14, 15–16, 17–18, 19–20 year olds) for each sex category (male, female). A main effect of sex, but not age, on all the muscles on both the dominant (FPB: P = .02, others: P < .001) and non-dominant (FDI: P = .005, FPB: P = .01, others: P < .001) sides was found. A significant effect of BMI was found on dominant (P = .009) and non-dominant abductor pollicis brevis (P = .002). In addition, FDI (P = .005) and FPB (P = .002) were stronger on the dominant side than the non-dominant side. Discussion Intrinsic hand muscle strength may be influenced by different factors including sex, BMI, and hand dominance. A larger sample is needed to rigorously investigate the influence of age on intrinsic strength in male and female adolescents and young adults. Conclusion The results provide reference values and suggest factors to be considered when evaluating hand function and therapeutic outcomes in both clinical and research settings. Further study is recommended. Level of Evidence VI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values of intrinsic muscle strength of the hand of adolescents and young adults

Chen

McGee

Rich

et al. 2018

Journal of Hand Therapy

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“…Schreuders et al [ 48 ] analyzed the Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometer (RIHM™) to assess isometric intrinsic muscle strength for the hand and found excellent reliability. Manual muscle testing and dynamometers are frequently used by therapists and surgeon members of the Hand Societies of Surgery and Therapy throughout the world, for muscle testing [ 23 , 68 – 71 ], but few have studied specifically patients with nerve injury and repair [ 70 ]. Few muscle strength studies presented data related to the quantification of intrinsic hand muscles, which measures motor dysfunction directly related to the median and ulnar nerve repair in the hand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few muscle strength studies presented data related to the quantification of intrinsic hand muscles, which measures motor dysfunction directly related to the median and ulnar nerve repair in the hand. Xu et al [ 71 ] presented the Peg Restrained Intrinsic Muscle Evaluator (PRIME) but only for children. Normative results indicated that gender and age were significant predictors of strength and the device was considered a reliable tool for the quantification of intrinsic hand muscle strength in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional, motor, and sensory assessment instruments upon nerve repair in adult hands: systematic review of psychometric properties

et al. 2018

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BackgroundOutcome after nerve repair of the hand needs standardized psychometrically robust measures. We aimed to systematically review the psychometric properties of available functional, motor, and sensory assessment instruments after nerve repair.MethodsThis systematic review of health measurement instruments searched databases from 1966 to 2017. Pairs of raters conducted data extraction and quality assessment using a structured tool for clinical measurement studies. Kappa correlation was used to define the agreement prior to consensus for individual items, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess reliability between raters. A narrative synthesis described quality and content of the evidence.ResultsSixteen studies were included for final critical appraisal scores. Kappa ranged from 0.31 to 0.82 and ICC was 0.81. Motor domain had manual muscle testing with Kappa from 0.72 to 0.93 and a dynamometer ICC reliability between 0.92 and 0.98. Sensory domain had touch threshold Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (SWM) as the most responsive measure while two-point discrimination (2PD) was the least responsive (effect size 1.2 and 0.1). A stereognosis test, Shape and Texture Identification (STI), had Kappa test-retest reliability of 0.79 and inter-rater reliability of 0.61, with excellent sensibility and specificity. Manual tactile test had moderate to mild correlation with 2PD and SWM. Function domain presented Rosén-Lundborg score with Spearman correlations of 0.83 for total score. Patient-reported outcomes measurements had ICC of 0.85 and internal consistency from 0.88 to 0.96 with Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation with higher score for reliability and Spearman correlation between 0.38 and 0.89 for validity.ConclusionsFew studies included nerve repair in their sample for the psychometric analysis of outcome measures, so moderate evidence could be confirmed. Manual muscle test and Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometer dynamometer had excellent reliability but insufficient data on validity or responsiveness. Touch threshold testing was more responsive than 2PD test. The locognosia test and STI had limited but positive supporting data related to validity. Rosén-Lundborg score had emerging evidence of reliability and validity as a comprehensive outcome following nerve repair. Few questionnaires were considered reliable and valid to assess cold intolerance. There is no patient-reported outcome measurement following nerve repair that provides comprehensive assessment of symptoms and function by patient perspective.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13643-018-0836-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It has also been successfully used to report pediatric hand strength. 25-26 Based on linear regression analysis, age and hand dominance can predict speed. The available norms allow clinicians to compare both speed and rate of change over time of pediatric clients against the norms for typically-developing children.…”

Section: Dexterity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative evaluation of dexterity in pediatrics

Duff

Aaron²,

Gogola

et al. 2015

Journal of Hand Therapy

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Study Design Review paper Introduction Hand dexterity is multifaceted and essential to the performance of daily tasks. Timed performance and precision demands are the most common features of quantitative dexterity testing. Measurement concepts such as rate of completion, in-hand manipulation and dynamic force control of instabilities are being integrated into assessment tools for the pediatric population. Purpose To review measurement concepts inherent in pediatric dexterity testing and introduce concepts that are infrequently measured or novel as exemplified with two assessment tools. Methods Measurement concepts included in common assessment tools are introduced first. We then describe seldom measured and novel concepts embedded in two instruments; the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT) and the Strength-Dexterity (SD) Test. Discussion The inclusion of measurement concepts and tools that are infrequently measured or novel in our repertoire of assessments potentially aids our understanding of atypical dexterity contributing to the design of targeted therapy programs.

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Peg Restrained Intrinsic Muscle Evaluator (PRIME): Development, Reliability, and Normative Values of a Device to Quantify Intrinsic Hand Muscle Strength in Children

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Reference values of intrinsic muscle strength of the hand of adolescents and young adults

Reference values of intrinsic muscle strength of the hand of adolescents and young adults

Functional, motor, and sensory assessment instruments upon nerve repair in adult hands: systematic review of psychometric properties

Innovative evaluation of dexterity in pediatrics

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