Peierls Substitution in an Engineered Lattice Potential

Jiménez-García, Karina; LeBlanc, Lindsay J.; Williams, R. A.; Beeler, Matthew; Perry, Abigail R.; Spielman, I. B.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.225303

Cited by 262 publications

(299 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, these setups may be extended to generate non-Abelian fields, and in particular, spin-orbit coupling [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Synthetic fields may be generated as well in optical lattices, and recent experiments have created artificial staggered [14][15][16] and uniform [17,18] magnetic fields. These fields are, however, static, as they are not influenced by the atoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Density-Dependent Synthetic Gauge Fields Using Periodically Modulated Interactions

et al. 2014

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We show that density-dependent synthetic gauge fields may be engineered by combining periodically modulated interactions and Raman-assisted hopping in spin-dependent optical lattices. These fields lead to a density-dependent shift of the momentum distribution, may induce superfluid-to-Mott insulator transitions, and strongly modify correlations in the superfluid regime. We show that the interplay between the created gauge field and the broken sublattice symmetry results, as well, in an intriguing behavior at vanishing interactions, characterized by the appearance of a fractional Mott insulator. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.215303 PACS numbers: 67.85.-d, 03.65.Vf, 03.75.Lm, 37.10.Jk The emulation of synthetic electromagnetism in cold neutral gases has attracted major interest [1,2]. Artificial electric and magnetic fields have been induced using lasers [3][4][5]. Moreover, these setups may be extended to generate non-Abelian fields, and in particular, spin-orbit coupling [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Synthetic fields may be generated as well in optical lattices, and recent experiments have created artificial staggered [14][15][16] and uniform [17,18] magnetic fields. These fields are, however, static, as they are not influenced by the atoms.The dynamical feedback between matter and gauge fields plays an important role in various areas of physics, ranging from condensed matter [19] to quantum chromodynamics [20], and its realization in cold lattice gases is attracting growing attention [21]. Schemes have been recently proposed for multicomponent lattice gases, such that the low-energy description of these systems is that of relevant quantum field theories [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The backaction of the atoms on the value of a synthetic gauge field is expected to lead to interesting physics, including statistically induced phase transitions and anyons in 1D lattices [32], and chiral solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates [33].Periodically modulated optical lattices open interesting possibilities for the engineering of lattice gases [16][17][18][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. In particular, periodic lattice shaking results in a modified hopping rate [34][35][36], which has been employed to drive the superfluid (SF) to Mott insulator (MI) transition [37], to simulate frustrated classical magnetism [38], and to create tunable gauge potentials [16]. Interestingly, a periodically modulated magnetic field may be employed in the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance to induce periodically modulated interactions, which result in a nonlinear hopping rate that depends on the occupation differences at neighboring sites [41][42][43].In this Letter, we show that combining periodic interactions and Raman-assisted hopping may induce a densitydependent gauge field in 1D lattices. The created field results in a density-dependent shift of the momentum distribution that may be probed in time-of-flight (TOF) experiments. Moreover, contrary to the Peierls phase induced in shaken lattices [16], the created field cannot be ga...

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Density-Dependent Synthetic Gauge Fields Using Periodically Modulated Interactions

et al. 2014

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“…Recently, staggered magnetic fields in optical lattices were achieved using laser-induced tunneling in superlattice potentials [12] or through dynamical shaking [13]. In one dimension, tunable gauge fields have been implemented in an effective ''Zeeman lattice'' [14] and using periodic driving [15]. Furthermore, the free-space spin Hall effect was observed using Raman dressing [16].…”

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Looking for Hofstadter’s Butterfly in Cold Atoms

Chin¹,

Mueller²

2013

Physics

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We demonstrate the experimental implementation of an optical lattice that allows for the generation of large homogeneous and tunable artificial magnetic fields with ultracold atoms. Using laser-assisted tunneling in a tilted optical potential, we engineer spatially dependent complex tunneling amplitudes. Thereby, atoms hopping in the lattice accumulate a phase shift equivalent to the Aharonov-Bohm phase of charged particles in a magnetic field. We determine the local distribution of fluxes through the observation of cyclotron orbits of the atoms on lattice plaquettes, showing that the system is described by the Hofstadter model. Furthermore, we show that for two atomic spin states with opposite magnetic moments, our system naturally realizes the time-reversal-symmetric Hamiltonian underlying the quantum spin Hall effect; i.e., two different spin components experience opposite directions of the magnetic field. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.185301 PACS numbers: 67.85.Àd, 03.65.Vf, 03.75.Lm, 73.20.Àr Ultracold atoms in optical lattices constitute a unique experimental setting to study condensed matter Hamiltonians in a clean and well-controlled environment [1], even in regimes not accessible to typical condensed matter systems [2]. Especially intriguing is their promising potential to realize and probe topological phases of matter, for example, by utilizing the newly developed quantum optical high-resolution detection and manipulation techniques [3,4]. One compelling possibility in this direction is the quantum simulation of electrons moving in a periodic potential exposed to a large magnetic field, described by the Hofstadter-Harper Hamiltonian [5,6]. For a filled band of fermions, this model realizes the paradigmatic example of a topological insulator that breaks time-reversal symmetry-the quantum Hall insulator. Moreover, the atomic realization of time-reversal-symmetric topological insulators based on the quantum spin Hall effect [7] promises new insights for spintronic applications.The direct quantum simulation of orbital magnetism in ultracold quantum gases is, however, hindered by the charge neutrality of atoms, which prevents them from experiencing a Lorentz force. Overcoming this limitation through the engineering of synthetic gauge potentials is currently a major topic in cold-atom research. Artificial magnetic fields were first accomplished using the Coriolis force in a rotating atomic gas [8,9] and later by inducing Berry's phases through the application of Raman lasers [10,11]. Recently, staggered magnetic fields in optical lattices were achieved using laser-induced tunneling in superlattice potentials [12] or through dynamical shaking [13]. In one dimension, tunable gauge fields have been implemented in an effective ''Zeeman lattice' ' [14] and using periodic driving [15]. Furthermore, the free-space spin Hall effect was observed using Raman dressing [16]. Despite intense research efforts, 2D optical lattices featuring topological many-body phases have so far been beyond the reach of experiments.I...

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“…The past few years have witnessed an exponential growth of interest in studying ultracold atomic gases under a synthetic gauge field [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The growth is strongly motived by a series of ground-breaking experiments at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth is strongly motived by a series of ground-breaking experiments at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [1][2][3][4]. Most notably, synthetic spin-orbit coupling -the coupling between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom of the atom -was created and detected in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of 87 Rb atoms in early 2011 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Momentum-resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy of ultracold atomic Fermi gases in a spin-orbit-coupled lattice

Liu

2012

Phys. Rev. A

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We investigate theoretically momentum-resolved radio-frequency (rf) spectroscopy of a noninteracting atomic Fermi gas in a spin-orbit coupled lattice. This lattice configuration has been recently created at MIT [Cheuk et al., arXiv:1205.3483] for 6 Li atoms, by coupling the two hyperfine spin-states with a pair of Raman laser beams and additional rf coupling. Here, we show that momentum-resolved rf spectroscopy can measure single-particle energies and eigenstates and therefore resolve the band structure of the spin-orbit coupled lattice. In our calculations, we take into account the effects of temperatures and harmonic traps. Our predictions are to be confronted with future experiments on spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases of 40 K atoms in a lattice potential.

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Peierls Substitution in an Engineered Lattice Potential

Cited by 262 publications

References 20 publications

Density-Dependent Synthetic Gauge Fields Using Periodically Modulated Interactions

Density-Dependent Synthetic Gauge Fields Using Periodically Modulated Interactions

Looking for Hofstadter’s Butterfly in Cold Atoms

Momentum-resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy of ultracold atomic Fermi gases in a spin-orbit-coupled lattice

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