Pelagic key species and mechanisms driving energy flows in the northern Benguela upwelling ecosystem and their feedback into biogeochemical cycles

On the Estimation of Zooplankton-Mediated Active Fluxes in Oxygen Minimum Zone Regions

“…Not corrected rates are with 105.73 to 370.68 mg C m −2 d −1 within the range reported by Hernández-León and Ikeda (2005). Also Ekau et al (2018) calculated integrated zooplankton respiration rates using a constant factor of 54.6 mL O 2 g −1 DM d −1 (which is ∼ 2.44 µmol O 2 mg −1 DM d −1 ) for the Benguela upwelling system, although this system features an intense OMZ. Their values generally range between 45 and 135 µmol O 2 m −2 d −1 , with maxima of 900 µmol O 2 m −2 d −1 (10.71 mg C m −2 d −1 ).…”

Structure and nutrient transfer in a tropical pelagic upwelling food web: From isoscapes to the whole ecosystem

“…Bode et al, 2003;Coelho-Souza et al, 2012), or temporal dynamics of one or two ecosystem components (e.g. Bode et al, 1996;Ekau et al, 2018;Madigan et al, 2012), often using one or two sampling points in multiple years rather than repeated sampling throughout a year. Often such studies are also reliant on modelled rather than empirical data to characterise trophic ecology (e.g.…”

Biological carbon pump affected by CO2 uptake in the Benguela Upwelling System

“…The associated increase in sea water temperatures in the NBUS 62 could potentially be related to the prominent decrease in zooplankton size spectra in the BUS 63 . Nevertheless, the productivity has remained consistently elevated, and still supports high fishery yields in both subsystems with sardine and horse mackerel as main target species in the SBUS and NBUS, respectively [64][65][66] .…”