Pellagra encephalopathy among tuberculous patients: its relation to isoniazid therapy.

Ishii, Nobuyoshi; Nishihara, Yunosuke

doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.7.628

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Some medications can interrupt production of niacin from tryptophan. Effects of isoniazid 6 – 16 and pyrazinamide 17 on niacin conversion was depicted in previous case reports. Isoniazid is the structural analog of niacin and may competitively suppress endogenous niacin production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Pellagra Secondary to Medication and Alcoholism

Wang

et al. 2016

Nut in Clin Prac

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Pellagra usually results from niacin deficiency and presents with the classic triad of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. It is most commonly associated with malnutrition and poverty and is extremely rare in industrialized societies. Furthermore, pellagra can be induced by special clinical conditions that interfere with the intake, absorption, and metabolism of niacin. Because of its detrimental effects on health and its favorable prognosis after supplementation of nicotinamide, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized. Herein, we report a case of pellagra in a young alcoholic who underwent combined chemotherapy for tuberculosis. For the first time, a descriptive review of literature from 1957 to 2014 has been conducted to clarify potential etiologies of pellagra: alcoholism (35.24%, 37 articles), various medications (25.71%, 27 articles), inadequate oral intake (16.19%, 17 articles), malabsorption (13.33%, 14 articles), metabolic derangement (7.62%, 8 articles), excessive loss (0.95%, 1 article), and etiology unknown (0.95%, 1 article).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Pellagra Secondary to Medication and Alcoholism

Wang

et al. 2016

Nut in Clin Prac

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Some details of the study design, particularly the usage of niacin as an active placebo, may suggest that the authors of the first of these experiments known as Good Friday Experiment were aware that religious rituals alone are not neutral for mental health. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The states of altered consciousness induced by religious settings and facilitated by psychedelic drugs increase susceptibility to suggested messages and are not free from negative emotions such as fear, terror, anxiety, shame, and sense of guilt. Therefore, any religious cult, particularly if combined with psychoactive compounds intake, should be considered as being able to alter psychosocial identity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Hallucinogens Psilocin, Ibotenic Acid, and Muscimol

Stebelska

2013

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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Psychoactive drugs of fungal origin, psilocin, ibotenic acid, and muscimol among them have been proposed for recreational use and popularized since the 1960s, XX century. Despite their well-documented neurotoxicity, they reached reputation of being safe and nonaddictive. Scientific efforts to find any medical application for these hallucinogens in psychiatry, psychotherapy, and even for religious rituals support are highly controversial. Even if they show any healing potential, their usage in psychotherapy is in some cases inadequate and may additionally harm seriously suffering patients. Hallucinogens are thought to reduce cognitive functions. However, in case of indolealkylamines, such as psilocin, some recent findings suggest their ability to improve perception and mental skills, what would motivate the consumption of "magic mushrooms." The present article offers an opportunity to find out what are the main symptoms of intoxication with mushrooms containing psilocybin/psilocin, muscimol, and ibotenic acid. The progress in analytical methods for detection of them in fungal material, food, and body fluids is reviewed. Findings on the mechanisms of their biologic activity are summarized. Additionally, therapeutic potential of these fungal psychoactive compounds and health risk associated with their abuse are discussed.

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“…59,70 Early symptoms may be subtle and often mimic common psychiatric disease, including fatigue, insomnia, anorexia, apprehension, anxiety, depression, mania, apathy, and lability of mood. [71][72][73][74][75] Early neurological manifestations include the nonspecific and vague symptoms of headache, mild memory loss, and vertigo. 71 As the course progresses, acute psychosis, paranoid delusions, and hallucinations often occur, mimicking schizophrenia.…”

Section: Wernicke's Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare and Unusual … Or Are They? Less Commonly Diagnosed Encephalopathies Associated with Systemic Disease

Weathers¹,

Lewis²

2009

Semin Neurol

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Encephalopathy due to hepatic or renal failure, electrolyte disturbances, or the administration of benzodiazepines and narcotics is commonly encountered, well reviewed in the literature, and, therefore, not usually missed. This article focuses on encephalopathies that were previously well described but may be overlooked by modern clinicians, as well as those that are still taught in the classroom but seldom thought of in practice. Due to the presumed relative rarity of these cases and emphasis on the well-memorized "classic" clinical presentations, these often treatable, and perhaps not so rare, encephalopathies due to systemic medical illness may go undiagnosed and untreated. Pancreatic encephalopathy, Wernicke's encephalopathy, and pellagra encephalopathy are reviewed in detail; cefepime and ifosfamide encephalopathies are discussed as examples of specific medication-induced encephalopathies. Septic encephalopathy, central pontine myelinolysis, and fat embolism syndrome are briefly reviewed. The encephalopathies reviewed have the potential for devastating neurological consequences if recognition and, therefore, treatment are delayed. Clinical improvement for many of these syndromes depends on prompt intervention. This article highlights some representative examples of less-commonly diagnosed metabolic and toxic encephalopathies.

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Pellagra encephalopathy among tuberculous patients: its relation to isoniazid therapy.

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Pellagra Secondary to Medication and Alcoholism

Pellagra Secondary to Medication and Alcoholism

Fungal Hallucinogens Psilocin, Ibotenic Acid, and Muscimol

Rare and Unusual … Or Are They? Less Commonly Diagnosed Encephalopathies Associated with Systemic Disease

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