Pellet source density in toroidal plasma configurations based on a 2D Gaussian deposition model

Zhang, Jie; McClenaghan, Joseph; Parks, P.B.; Lao, L. L.; Wu, Wen

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ac6e73

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Second, the scaling law for the average ∇B induced drift displacement is used in PAM code, instead of self-consistently calculating it for each plasmoid as done in HPI2 code. It should be mentioned that the agreement between the two codes is better in HFS injection cases than in LFS injection cases such as the one shown here, as shown in [22], because usually there is no loss of pellet particles due to ∇B induced drift in HFS injection cases. Particle loss due to ∇B induced drift in LFS injection cases can significantly change the shape and the peak position of the deposition profile.…”

Section: Simulation Setup and An Example Benchmark With Hpi2mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Pellet particle deposition models implemented in PAM include the point deposition model, the uniform areal deposition model [21], the 1D Gaussian deposition model, and the 2D Gaussian deposition model [22]. In this paper, we employ the newly developed 2D Gaussian deposition model to evaluate the pellet deposition density.…”

Section: Pellet Particle Deposition Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, simulating the E × B drift process based on these physical models is usually time consuming. Therefore, we developed the 2D Gaussian deposition model [22] to estimate the plasmoid E × B drift distances based on a scaling law, which is useful in making a fast evaluation of the pellet deposition density averaged over the magnetic flux surface. The deposition density calculated with the 2D Gaussian deposition model has an overall good agreement with the widely used pellet code HPI2 [22], which is based on first-principles of pellet ablation and deposition.…”

Section: Pellet Particle Deposition Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optimization of pellet design parameters to achieve deep fueling depth in EAST plasma with PAM code

Zhang,

Hou,

Liu

et al. 2024

Nucl. Fusion

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Deep pellet fueling depth is necessary to achieve a high-density high confinement operation and to conduct some pellet-related researches in current devices, such as trigger of internal transport barrier, and to achieve high fusion power and tritium burn-up fraction in future fusion devices. The newly developed PAM code which can make a fast evaluation on pellet ablation and deposition is applied to optimize injection parameters to achieve deep pellet fueling. Systematic scans on pellet injection parameters including pellet injection position, injection angle, size and speed are performed for optimization purpose, while at the same time demonstrating flexibility and time efficiency of the PAM code. Dependences of the pellet fueling depth on these injection parameters are revealed by simulation results and analyzed. Simulation results indicate that pellet penetration contributes more to the deep pellet deposition than the ∇B-induced plasmoid drifts in low temperature plasmas, while deep pellet fueling in reactor relevant high temperature plasmas has to rely on plasmoid drifts. Though a shallow penetration is expected in high temperature plasmas, the ∇B-induced plasmoid drift is expected to be larger than that in relatively low temperature plasmas.

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Section: Simulation Setup and An Example Benchmark With Hpi2mentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Pellet Particle Deposition Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pellet Particle Deposition Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of pellet design parameters to achieve deep fueling depth in EAST plasma with PAM code

Zhang,

Hou,

Liu

et al. 2024

Nucl. Fusion

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“…The experimental measurements of local density increase after PI plays a crucial role in enhancing and refining the HPI2 pellet simulation code on EAST [30,31]. A comparison between experimental measurements and simulation results is presented in figure 12.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of local density increase during pellet homogenization on EAST

Huang,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Nucl. Fusion

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By combining the X-mode polarized lower and upper cut-off reflections obtained from the density profile reflectometer, we have successfully attained a comprehensive density profile spanning from the edge to the core region in pellet injection (PI) experiments on EAST. During the homogenization process after PI on EAST, an innovative method was introduced to quantify the local density increase. This approach employed the distinctive ‘dual-reflection’ phenomenon observed in the EAST microwave reflectometer, encompassing measurements of both the X-mode lower and upper cut-off frequencies. Furthermore, experimental investigations were carried out on EAST to comprehensively explore the parallel and poloidal expansion of the high-density pellet cloud. Notably, this study marks the first instance of measuring expansion velocities of pellet materials in both parallel and poloidal directions on EAST. A comparative analysis was performed initially between these experimental measurements and simulation results obtained from the HPI2 code, marking a pivotal stride towards enhancing its applicability in EAST.

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“…However, these two codes adopt scaling laws for reducing the computational costs, and correspondingly, the codes do not run in a selfconsistent way with the pellet ablation and deposition, and neglects many sophisticated physical processes. [23,24] In this work, the HPI2 code is utilized to simulate the pellet ablation and deposition based on first principles. The pellet ablation simulation in HPI2 is based on the neutral gas and plasma shielding (NGPS) model, [19,25,26] which is further developed on the basis of the NGS model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of deuterium pellet ablation and deposition in the EAST tokamak with HPI2 code

Li 李,

Zhang 张,

Hou 侯

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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Pellet injection is a primary method for fueling the plasma in magnetic confinement devices. For that goal the knowledge of pellet ablation and deposition profiles are critical. In the present study, the pellet fueling code HPI2 was used to predict the ablation and deposition profiles of deuterium pellets injected into a typical H-mode discharge on EAST tokamak. Pellet ablation and deposition profiles were evaluated for various pellet injection locations, with the aim to optimize the pellet injection to obtain a deep fueling depth. In this study, we investigated the effect of the injection angle on the deposition depth of the pellet at different velocities and sizes. The ablation and deposition of the injected pellet were mainly studied at each injection position for three different injection angles: 0°, 45°, and 60°. The pellet injection on the high field side (HFS) can achieve a more ideal deposition depth than on the low field side (LFS). Among these angles, horizontal injection on the middle plane is relatively better on either the HFS or the LFS. When the injection location is 0.468 m below the middle plane on the HFS or 0.40 m above the middle plane of the LFS, it can achieve a similar deposition depth to the one of its corresponding side. When the pre-cooling effect is taken into account, the deposition depth was predicted to increase only slightly when the pellet was launched from the HFS. The findings of this study will serve as a reference for the update of pellet injection systems for EAST tokamak.

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Pellet source density in toroidal plasma configurations based on a 2D Gaussian deposition model

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

Optimization of pellet design parameters to achieve deep fueling depth in EAST plasma with PAM code

Optimization of pellet design parameters to achieve deep fueling depth in EAST plasma with PAM code

Observation of local density increase during pellet homogenization on EAST

Simulation of deuterium pellet ablation and deposition in the EAST tokamak with HPI2 code

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